Exam 1 Practice Questions Flashcards
Biology is the study of life. T/F
True
A placebo (NOT the drug) is given to the:
a. dependent group.
b. control group.
c. independent group.
d. experimental group.
e. variable group.
b. control group
Increasing a sample size _______.
a. increases chances that data will be statistically significant.
b. increases likelihood of getting a positive result.
c. increases likelihood of getting a negative result.
d. provides better variables.
e. provides better controls.
a. increases chances that data will be statistically significant
An idea that has been examined numerous times and has never been falsified may be called a ________________.
theory
The scientific process from beginning to end can be outlined as:
a. hypothesize, test, results, and conclude.
b. observe, hypothesize, test, results, and conclude.
c. observe, question, test, results, and conclude.
d. hypothesize, observe, results, and conclude.
e. observe, test, hypothesize, results, and conclude.
b. observe, hypothesize, test, results, and conclude.
The most trustworthy source of scientific information comes from televised documentaries.
T/F
False
What is the importance of peer review in the scientific process?
a. It helps a scientist formulate a hypothesis.
b. It helps a scientist choose test subjects.
c. It ensures that a study has been appropriately designed and correctly interpreted.
d. It helps the scientist collect data.
e. It is the first step in any scientific study.
c. It ensures that a study has been appropriately designed and correctly interpreted.
A brief summary of an article is called ______.
an abstract
What is INCORRECT about good science?
a. hypotheses are testable and falsifiable
b. considers alternative hypotheses
c. uses primary sources to guide research
d. uses large sample sizes
e. many variables are manipulated
e. many variables are manipulated
Which news source is the most reliable source of scientific advances?
a. Wikipedia
b. A peer-reviewed scientific journal
c. A newspaper
d. A popular science news website
e. The evening television news
b. A peer-reviewed scientific journal
Which sample group would give the most statistically significant data? a. 10 individual mice each tested once b. one mouse tested 10 times one pig c. five pigs each tested five times d. one mouse tested 100 times
a. 10 individual mice each tested once
What part of the scientific process is a possible answer to a question?
hypothesis
Iodine, an element, is added to what food?
salt
Atoms are made up of _____.
a. positively charged protons, negatively charged neutrons, and neutral electrons.
b. positively charged electrons, negatively charged neutrons, and neutral protons.
c. positively charged protons, negatively charged electrons, and neutral neutrons.
d. negatively charged protons, positively charged electrons, and neutral neutrons.
e. positively charged neutrons, negatively charged electrons, and neutral neutrons.
c. positively charged protons, negatively charged electrons, and neutral neutrons.
Calcium has an atomic number of 10. Which of the following is true for a neutral calcium atom?
a. it has 5 protons, 5 neutrons and 5 electrons
b. it has 5 protons, 5 electrons and no neutrons
c. it has 10 protons, 10 neutrons and 10 electrons
d. it has 10 protons, 10 electrons and no neutrons
e. it has 5 protons, 5 neutrons and 10 electrons
c. it has 10 protons, 10 neutrons and 10 electrons
How many electrons fill the first energy shell of an atom?
2
Isotopes are a variant form of an element that has more electrons than the normal form.
T/F
False
Nickel is one of the most common 4 elements found in the body.
T/F
False
A bond formed by atoms sharing electrons is known as _____________.
a covalent bond
What percentage of the body is made up of water?
60%
When making sugar water, the sugar is the _____________ whereas the water is the ___________.
a. solute; solvent
b. solvent; solute
c. solute; solution
d. solution; solute
e. solvent; solution
a. solute; solvent
pH is a measure of the ________________.
a. acidity of a solution.
b. neutrality of a solution.
c. alkalinity of a solution.
d. amount of free electrons in a solution.
e. concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
e. concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
Hydrophobic means ______.
a. not quite alive, like a virus.
b. something that will not dissolve in water.
c. water loving.
d. a solute.
e. something with a negative charge.
b. something that will not dissolve in water.
Unsaturated fats are healthy triglycerides that are liquid at room temperature.
T/F
True
The ____ is the basic unit of life.
cell
According to the cell theory, all cells come from ______.
pre-existing cells
When observing a sample of cells through the microscope, presence of which of the following structures would indicate that you were observing a eukaryote and not a prokaryote?
a. cytoplasm
b. mitochondria
c. DNA
d. cell wall
e. ribosomes
b. mitochondria
Osmosis refers to the diffusion of ______.
water
Polar molecules, like water, are where electrons in a covalent bond are unequally shared.
T/F
True
Biological molecules are called ___________, because they contain a carbon backbone.
organic
What is NOT one of the four major types of macromolecules?
a. water
b. protein
c. carbohydrate
d. lipids
e. nucleic acids
a. water
Cell products, usually proteins, are modified (finished and sorted) and packaged for delivery (shipping) in the _______________.
a. endoplasmic reticulum.
b. cytoplasm.
c. nucleus.
d. cytoskeleton.
e. Golgi apparatus.
e. Golgi apparatus
Facilitated diffusion requires a protein to move molecules across the cell membrane.
T/F
True
Pinocytosis is when a cell engulfs large molecules and is called “cell eating”.
T/F
False
Which statement about cell membranes is TRUE?
a. They have hydrophilic tails.
b. They are made of nucleic acids.
c. They are impermeable.
d. They are made up of a double phospholipid layer.
e. They have hydrophobic surfaces.
d. They are made up of a double phospholipid layer.
Which of the following require cellular energy?
a. O2 going from your lungs to your blood cells
b. CO2 leaving your blood cells and entering your lungs
c. water molecules entering through special open pores called aquaporins
d. moving glucose from a low concentration to a high concentration
e. moving glucose from a high concentration to a low concentration
d. moving glucose from a low concentration to a high concentration
If an animal cell is living in water that is hypotonic to the cell’s cytoplasm, the water _________________.
will enter the cell
What does a plant cell have than an animal cell does not have?
cell wall
The building blocks, monomers, of proteins are ________, where the building blocks of carbohydrates are ____________.
amino acids; monosaccharides
What organelle of a cell is the “powerhouse” of the cell, since it is where most ATP is made?
mitochondrion
_____ reactions release energy that can be used for ______ reactions.
Exergonic; Endergonic
Enzymes work by _______.
a. raising cell temperature.
b. lowering cell energy.
c. modifying carbohydrates.
d. lowering energy required for a reaction.
e. anabolizing simple sugars.
d. lowering energy required for a reaction.
Enzymes are ______.
proteins
The active site of an enzyme is located on the substrate.
T/F
False
All the enzyme-catalyzed reactions along with other reactions of the body that sustain life is______________________.
a. catabolism
b. anabolism
c. activation energy
d. metabolism
e. homeostasis
d. metabolism
Where does glycolysis occur?
a. mitochondrion
b. cytoplasm
c. outside of the cell
d. nucleus
e. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. cytoplasm
Which molecules are produced by autotrophs during photosynthesis?
glucose and oxygen
The energy in the chemical bonds of food molecules is expressed as _______________.
calories
All can be produced during fermentation EXCEPT _____.
a. lactic acid
b. carbon dioxide gas
c. NAD+
d. ATP
e. alcohol
d. ATP
How many ATP molecules are produced when a cell peforms both glycolysis and cellular respiration?
36
A particle of light energy is called a _____.
a. lumen.
b. spectrum.
c. photon.
d. wavelength.
e. nanometer.
c. photon
Heterotrophs are animals that can either make their own sugar from the sun or acquire it by eating other organisms.
T/F
False
Visible light waves are _____________ in length and ___________ in energy.
a. short waves; high
b. short waves; low
c. long waves; high
d. long waves; low
e. medium waves; medium
e. medium waves; medium
A typical leaf of a plant reflects ______ light.
green
When humans exercise, they burn up energy that was stored in their muscles as polysaccharides in the form of ________________.
a. simple sugars.
b. fats.
c. glycogen.
d. starch.
e. fiber.
c. glycogen
The stored energy in food is converted by cells into this useable energy-containing molecule.
a. glycogen
b. ADP
c. ATP
d. AMP
e. glucose
c. ATP
The outputs (products) for aerobic (cellular) respiration are __________________.
carbon dioxide, water, and energy
The principle force driving movement in diffusion is _________.
concentration gradient
What is NOT a greenhouse gas?
a. CO2
b. CH4
c. H2O
d. N2O
e. all are greenhouse gases
e. all are greenhouse gases
Which molecule absorbs the energy of a photon in photosynthesis?
a. ATP
b. glucose
c. chlorophyll
d. cholesterol
c. chlorophyll
