Exam 1 ( Ppt 1) Flashcards
Milestones discoveries of Molecular Biology Since 1953 ( Discovery of DNA molecule)
The 1950s: Double helix structure
The 1960s: Genetic codes decrypted
The 1970s: DNA sequencing
The 1980s: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
The 1990s: The human genome project (HGP)
The 2000s: Next generation sequencing (NGS)
The 2010s: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR/Cas9)
Gregor Mendel
Austrian Monk
Experiments in Plant Hybridization
1st to successfully predict how traits were transferred b/w generations
What did Gregor Mendel do experiments on and why was it beneficial to use it
Garden Pea Plant
Easy to plant
Reproduce sexually with male and female cells, called
gametes.
How did Gregor Mendel Perform his experiments? What principles did he follow?
Cross Pollination of Garden Pea Plants
Principles:
Only one trait was studied at a time and the inheritance of that trait was observed for many generations through the offspring.
Law of dominance
When a homozygous dominant plant crosses with a homozygous recessive plant, the F1 generation will only show the dominant trait because the dominant allele masks the phenotype of the recessive allele
Law of Segregation
When the F1 generation cross pollinates or self pollinates, the recessive allele’s trait reemerges in a 3:1 ratio, showing that crosspollination of the heterozygous F1 generation produced the homozygous recessive trait again in the F2 generation.
Law of Independence
“The genes for one trait are not inherited together with another trait” - prof Ye
Alleles
different forms of the same gene
Genes
located on chromosomes, they control how an organism develops
Phenotype
the way an organism looks such as red hair or brown hair
Genotype
the gene combination of an organism AA or Aa or aa
Dominant:
a relationship between alleles of a gene, in which one allele masks the expression (phenotype) of another allele at the same locus
Recessive
able to be covered up by a dominant trait
Heterozygous
if the two alleles for a trait are different (Bb)
Homozygous
if the two alleles for a trait are the same (BB or bb)
