Exam #1 Post Flashcards
The interstitial fluid and blood plasma collectively make up the
a. extracellular fluid
b. synovium
c. intracellular fluid
d. interstitium
a. extracellular fluid
Physiology is the study of
a. structure of organisms
b. interactions between organisms
c. functions in organisms
d. spread of diseases
c. functions in organisms
Which of the following is true?
a. the homeostasis “set point” for an individual can change
b. homeostasis refers to physiological variables in a state of dynamic constancy; it is not a static process
c. homeostasis means that values can fluctuate throughout the day
d. all of the above are true
d. all of the above are true
Which of the following tissue types is specialized for absorption and secretion of ions and organic molecules?
a. muscle
b. nervous
c. connective
d. epithelial
e. all of the tissue types
d. epithelial
Which of the following tissue types helps form organs?
a. muscle
b. nervous
c. connective
d. epithelial
e. all of the tissue types
c. connective
Which of the following tissue types includes bone, blood, and cartilage?
a. muscle
b. nervous
c. connective
d. epithelial
e. all of the above
c. connective
The sodium potassium pump functions as a form of __ active transport.
Primary
The sodium potassium pomp uses energy to transport __ potassium ions into the cell and __ sodium ions out of the cell.
2 potassium, 3 sodium
The source of energy for the protein is __.
ATP
The sodium potassium pump results in a __ charge on the outside of the cell. This charge difference is known as the membrane __.
Positive, Potential
When referring to epithelial tissue, the __ side of the cell faces the lumen/interior of the structure
a. basolateral
b. luminous
c. atrial
d. apical
d. apical
A junction of proteins between two cells that. connects them and allows materials to move quickly between cells without needing to be excreted are known as
a. desmosomes
b. gap junctions
c. tight junctions
d. apical junctions
b. gap junctions
When Dr. Sazama lived in a hot, humid climate for several months his body eventually started to sweat quicker and more efficiently than it had when he lived in South Dakota. This is an example of
a. adaptation
b. exaptation
c. acclimatization
d. sazamative phosphorylation
c. acclimatization
During childbirth, the fetus pushes against the cervix when it is ready to come out. This stretches the cervix, sending messages to the brain to release the hormone oxytocin, which will lead to the contraction of the uterus. This causes the fetus to be pushed down into the cervix, causing more stretching to occur. This is an example of
a. positive feedback
b. isotonic feedback
c. feedforward feedback
d. negative feedback
a. positive feedback
Pitocin is a synthetic chemical used to help induce childbirth in certain scenarios. It does so by binding to oxytocin receptors in the uterus. What property does Pitocin share with oxytocin?
a. antagonism
b. saturation
c. specificity
c. specificity
Which of the following situations best represents a homeostatic mechanism?
a. after going outside on a hot day, the core body temperature increases
b. a person who becomes very nervous begins to sweat profusely
c. after severe blood loss (decreased blood pressure), the heart rate increases to maintain blood pressure
d. increasing the size of fast-food restaurant portions causes body weight to increase
c. after severe blood loss (decreased blood pressure), the heart rate increases to maintain blood pressure
The kidneys operate as a controller of blood pH using many negative feedback systems whereby the blood pH is controlled by selective excretion or reabsorption of hydrogen ions (among other substances). Which of the following statements is most likely to be correct?
a. a decrease in pH (higher hydrogen ion concentration) will stimulate the excretion of hydrogen ions, which will in turn raise the blood pH
b. an increase in pH (lower hydrogen ion concentration) will stimulate the excretion of hydrogen ions, which will in turn raise the blood pH even further
c. a decrease in pH (higher hydrogen ion concentration) will stimulate the reabsorption of hydrogen ions, which will in turn lower the blood pH even further
a. a decrease in pH (higher hydrogen ion concentration) will stimulate the excretion of hydrogen ions, which will in turn raise the blood pH
After dominating your physiology exam, you decide to cook some food. You’ve read that the best meal after an exam is pasta cooked over a stove. Since your brain power has been sapped from the exam, you are not paying attention to your hand placement. With the burner on, you accidentally place your hand right on the hot burner. Immediately and without thinking, you pull your hand away.
- __ the motor neurons controlling hand movement
- __ the muscles in your hand/arm
- __ the spinal cord/central nervous system
- __ the hot burner
- __ the temperature sensitive neurons in your hand
- __ the neurons sending signals to the spinal cord away from the stimulus
efferent pathway, effector, integrating center, stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway
What term is used to describe the steady-state value for any variable that the body attempts to maintain via homeostasis?
a. reflex arc
b. equilibrium potential
c. error signal
d. set point
e. median value
d. set point
Biological rhythms such as the circadian rhythm are an example of an anticipatory homeostatic component known as a
a. feedforward system
b. negative feedback system
c. positive feedback system
a. feedforward system
Homeostatic mechanisms will keep a physiological value absolutely constant for the entire day without any fluctuation
a. true
b. false
b. false
Dr. Sazama loves potato chips. Specifically, the salt and vinegar variety kettle chips. If Dr. Sazama eats an entire bag, he will have consumed lots of salt (sodium chloride). Before the kidneys compensate, how would you describe Dr. Sazama’s sodium balance?
a. negative sodium balance
b. stable sodium balance
c. positive sodium balance
c. positive sodium balance
__ regulators of cellular activity by chemical mediators produced by the same cell
autocrine substance
__ chemical released by axon terminals into a synaptic cleft
neurotransmitter
__ chemical released by the endocrine system with effects on distant cells
hormone
__ regulators of cellular activity by messengers from nearby cells
paracrine substance
A chloride ion (Cl-) in a(n)
a. cation
b. anion
c. neutrally charged particle
d. none of the above
b. anion
Where is the majority of energy located within the ATP molecule?
a. within the bond between the ribose and the first phosphate
b. within the bonds of the ribose sugar
c. within the bond between the terminal phosphates
d. within the nitrogenous base adenine
c. within the bond between the terminal phosphates
To prevent the movement of ions between cells so that the cells can control exactly what goes across a membrane, two cells may use
a. desmosomes
b. tight junctions
c. gap junctions
b. tight junctions
The difference between a polar covalent bond and a nonpolar covalent bond is
a. a polar covalent bond does not have a partial charge due to an unequal sharing of electrons
The difference between a polar covalent bond and a nonpolar covalent bond is
a. a polar covalent bond does not have a partial charge due to an unequal sharing of electrons
b. a polar covalent bond has a partial charge due to an unequal sharing of electrons
c. a nonpolar covalent bond has a partial charge to an unequal sharing of electrons
d. there is no functional difference between these two bond types
c. a nonpolar covalent bond has a partial charge to an unequal sharing of electrons
d. there is no functional difference between these two bond types
b. a polar covalent bond has a partial charge due to an unequal sharing of electrons
