EXAM 1 Pathophysiology of Skin and the Integumentum Flashcards
layers of skin
- epidermis
- basement membrane
- dermis
- subcutaneous
pilosebaceous unit
- 2-4 hairs
- Sebaceous gland, apocrine sweat gland
- Arrector pili muscle
- At junction of the papillary and reticular dermis (gives pink color of skin)
- Perfuses the dermal papilla
Subpapillary plexus/upper horizontal network
- Provides blood to the entire dermis
- At the dermal-subcutaneous interface
- Larger blood vessels
Lower horizontal plexus
_________ also in dermis, contribute to immune defense
Lymphatics also in dermis, contribute to immune defense
regular/linear wounds caused by a clean, sharp-edged object i.e. scalpel, piece of glass
incisions
are irregular tear-like wounds caused by blunt trauma
lacerations
superficial wounds to the epidermis and dermis caused by friction (scraped off) i.e. scrape, road rash
abrasions
occur when skin is forcibly torn off or detached from its normal point of attachment i.e. where nail torn off, elderly catching thin skin on something
avulsions
caused by an object puncturing the skin
puncture wounds
caused by an object puncturing the skin and deeper tissues i.e. bullet wound, shrapnel
penetrating wounds
occur when the skin is intact but trauma to underlying structures has occurred
closed skin wounds
caused by blood vessel damage causing blood to collect under the skin
menatomas
smallest for of hematoma to largest
- petechiae
- purpura
- ecchymosis
Hematomas caused by external trauma
contusions
caused by a great amount of force applied to tissue, injuring the compressed tissues (may be open)
crush injury
result from healing of injured tissues, but depending on a number of factors (e.g., heredity, amount of injury, stresses on site of healing), can vary in the form
all scars
caused by the presence of a large amount of vasculature (newer)
hyperpigmented scars
caused by loss of vasculature (older)
hypopigmented scars
scars which continue to thicken due to excessive collagen formation but do not extend beyond the boundary of the original wound
hypertrophic scars
result from overgrowth of granulation tissue which is slowly replaced by mature scar; firm, rubbery lesions
keloids
sunken recess in the skin, caused when underlying structures are lost, such as fat or muscle; associated with acne, chickenpox, MRSA – deeper structures are affected
atrophic scars
parallel to the orientation of collagen fibers of the reticular dermis
Langer’s lines
Incisions and excisional biopsies heal best with less scarring when made ________ to the Langer’s lines
Incisions and excisional biopsies heal best with less scarring when made parallel to the Langer’s lines