Exam #1 (Pathology) Flashcards
CD31
hepatic angiosarcoma
vinyl chloride
arsenic
thorium dioxide
hepatic angiosarcoma
hepatic angiosarcoma transplant?
no high rate of recurrence
most common benign liver tumor
cavernous hemangioma
rupture during biopsy
cavernous hemangioma
hepatic angiosarcoma
hepatic adenoma
dye filling tumor from outside -> in
cavernous hemangioma
vascular spaces line w single layer of flat endothelium filled w blood
cavernous hemangioma
contraceptive use
hepatic adenoma
hepatic adenoma risk
risk of rupture during pregnancy (uncapsulated)
hepatocellular labs
hypoglycemia
inc EPO
hypercalcemia
inc AFP
diffuse atrophic gastritis cause
autoimmune gastritis
autoimmune gastritis associated w
inc risk of gastric adenoocarcinoma
menetrier disease
inc TGFa and mucous secretion leading to hypoproteinemia
-hyperplasia of foveolar mucous cells
elongated/corkscrew appearance and cystic dilation
menetrier disease
gastric hyperplastic polyps cause
h. pylori
chronic gastritis
gastric fundic gland polyps cause
FAP
PPI use
inc gastric adenoma polyps means
inc risk for adenocarcinoma
intestinal gastric adenocarcinoma main cause
nitrosamine
develop from previous lesions
Diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma main cause and histo
BRCA2, E-cadherin, CDH1 mutation
signet rings on histo
Diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma is described as
linitis plastica - leather bottle appearance from wall thickening
gastric lymphoma mutation
t(11;18)(q21;q21)
gastric lymphoma marker
CD43+
GIST definition
mesenchymal tumor of the abdomen that arises from interstitial cells of cajal
Carney Triad
GIST
paraganglioma
pulmonary chondroma
GIST mutation
receptor tyrosine kinase KIT
PDGFRa
GIST prognosis
location, small intestine more aggressive
hyperplastic colonic polyps vs. adenomatous sessile serrated colonic polyps
hyperplastic colonic polyp: serrated surface restricted to upper 1/3
sessile serrated colonic polyps: serrated surface spands full length of gland
Juvenile polyp mutation
SMAD
high risk colonic polyps
villous
tubulovillous
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome symp
multiple GI harmatomatous polyps + mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation
Peutz-Jeghers mutation
STK11
DNA mismatch repair most common polyps
sessile serrated
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
hyperplasia and hypretrophy
Hirschsprung disease mutation
RET
Gastroschisis vs omphalocele
inc AFP in gast
scleroderma
preserved peristalsis in upper 1/3 of esophagus
Ogilive’s syndrome
colonic pseudo-obstruction due to drugs or neurological problems
>9 cm emergency
what fatty acids can go straight to blood
medium chain FA
Carb malabsorption test
H+ breath test
stool pH <6
go to test for pancreatic insuff
fecal elastase
Cystic fibrosis will lead to
dec fat and protein breakdown
bacterial overgrowth
> 10^5
Peripheral IBD arthritis
Type 1
Type 2
Type 1: w flare ups, large joints, self limiting
Type 2: chronic, small joints
PSC endoscopy
every year
best for IBD diagnosis
CTE + colonoscopy
celiac antibody
antiendomysial
follow up EGD if poly is
> 2 cm
MELD >15 means
good for transplant
drug that induces steatosis
amiodarone
tamoxifen
Methotrexate
INC ALT w
pancreatitis caused by obstruction >150
Macro-amylasemia
poor renal excretion of amylase
inc creatinine
celiac vs tropical
celiac: duodenal
tropical: all
groove pancreatitis is associated w
duodenal atresia
ABCB4 mutation
defective 7a hydroxylase
Mirizzi syndrome seen, should suspect…
gallbladder cancer
primary biliary cholangitis treatment
ursodeoxycholic acid
GB polyp >… remove
10 mm
Adenomatous GB polyps mean
cancerous
autoimmune pancreatitis mutations
PRSS1
SPINK1
pancreatic cancer marker
CA19-9
Pancreatic cyst
Pseudocyst
CEA <200
amylase <200
Pancreatic cyst
Mucinous
CEA >200
normal amylase
**malignant
Pancreatic cyst
Serous
honey comb
central scar
cuboidal epithelium that is PAS+
amylase and CEA low
Pancreatic cyst
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasia
CEA >200
Amylase >200
Hartnup disease
dec tyrosine absorption