Exam #1 (Pathology) Flashcards by Caleb Bauman

CD31

hepatic angiosarcoma

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vinyl chloride
arsenic
thorium dioxide

hepatic angiosarcoma

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hepatic angiosarcoma transplant?

no high rate of recurrence

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most common benign liver tumor

cavernous hemangioma

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rupture during biopsy

cavernous hemangioma
hepatic angiosarcoma
hepatic adenoma

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dye filling tumor from outside -> in

cavernous hemangioma

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vascular spaces line w single layer of flat endothelium filled w blood

cavernous hemangioma

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contraceptive use

hepatic adenoma

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hepatic adenoma risk

risk of rupture during pregnancy (uncapsulated)

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hepatocellular labs

hypoglycemia
inc EPO
hypercalcemia
inc AFP

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diffuse atrophic gastritis cause

autoimmune gastritis

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autoimmune gastritis associated w

inc risk of gastric adenoocarcinoma

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menetrier disease

inc TGFa and mucous secretion leading to hypoproteinemia

-hyperplasia of foveolar mucous cells

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elongated/corkscrew appearance and cystic dilation

menetrier disease

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gastric hyperplastic polyps cause

h. pylori

chronic gastritis

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gastric fundic gland polyps cause

FAP

PPI use

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inc gastric adenoma polyps means

inc risk for adenocarcinoma

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intestinal gastric adenocarcinoma main cause

nitrosamine

develop from previous lesions

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Diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma main cause and histo

BRCA2, E-cadherin, CDH1 mutation

signet rings on histo

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Diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma is described as

linitis plastica - leather bottle appearance from wall thickening

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gastric lymphoma mutation

t(11;18)(q21;q21)

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gastric lymphoma marker

CD43+

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GIST definition

mesenchymal tumor of the abdomen that arises from interstitial cells of cajal

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Carney Triad

GIST
paraganglioma
pulmonary chondroma

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GIST mutation

receptor tyrosine kinase KIT | PDGFRa

GIST prognosis

location, small intestine more aggressive

hyperplastic colonic polyps vs. adenomatous sessile serrated colonic polyps

hyperplastic colonic polyp: serrated surface restricted to upper 1/3 sessile serrated colonic polyps: serrated surface spands full length of gland

Juvenile polyp mutation

SMAD

high risk colonic polyps

villous | tubulovillous

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome symp

multiple GI harmatomatous polyps + mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation

Peutz-Jeghers mutation

STK11

DNA mismatch repair most common polyps

sessile serrated

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

hyperplasia and hypretrophy

Hirschsprung disease mutation

RET

Gastroschisis vs omphalocele

inc AFP in gast

scleroderma

preserved peristalsis in upper 1/3 of esophagus

Ogilive's syndrome

colonic pseudo-obstruction due to drugs or neurological problems >9 cm emergency

what fatty acids can go straight to blood

medium chain FA

Carb malabsorption test

H+ breath test | stool pH <6

go to test for pancreatic insuff

fecal elastase

Cystic fibrosis will lead to

dec fat and protein breakdown

bacterial overgrowth

> 10^5

Peripheral IBD arthritis Type 1 Type 2

Type 1: w flare ups, large joints, self limiting | Type 2: chronic, small joints

PSC endoscopy

every year

best for IBD diagnosis

CTE + colonoscopy

celiac antibody

antiendomysial

follow up EGD if poly is

>2 cm

MELD >15 means

good for transplant

drug that induces steatosis

amiodarone tamoxifen Methotrexate

INC ALT w

pancreatitis caused by obstruction >150

Macro-amylasemia

poor renal excretion of amylase | inc creatinine

celiac vs tropical

celiac: duodenal tropical: all

groove pancreatitis is associated w

duodenal atresia

ABCB4 mutation

defective 7a hydroxylase

Mirizzi syndrome seen, should suspect...

gallbladder cancer

primary biliary cholangitis treatment

ursodeoxycholic acid

GB polyp >... remove

10 mm

Adenomatous GB polyps mean

cancerous

autoimmune pancreatitis mutations

PRSS1 | SPINK1

pancreatic cancer marker

CA19-9

Pancreatic cyst | Pseudocyst

CEA <200 | amylase <200

Pancreatic cyst | Mucinous

CEA >200 normal amylase **malignant

Pancreatic cyst | Serous

honey comb central scar cuboidal epithelium that is PAS+ amylase and CEA low

Pancreatic cyst | Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasia

CEA >200 | Amylase >200

Hartnup disease

dec tyrosine absorption