Exam #1 (Parasites) Flashcards
liver hydatid cyst (watery), septations that can lead to calcifications
Echinoccocus
Lung migrating parasite
Ascaris lubricoides
Necator americanus / Ancyclostoma duodenale
Strongyloides stercoralis
Egg w bumpy edges
Ascaris lubricoides
Whirl pool appearance on barium swallow
Ascaris lubricoides
can lead to appendicitis
Enterobius vermiculuaris
Egg w oval plugs on each end
Trichiuris trichiura
Trichiuris trichiura treatment
Albendazole or Mebendazole
associated w rectal prolapse
Trichiuris trichiura
egg that has “flat edge” on one side
Enterobius vermiculuaris
Iron Def anemia parasite and how
Necator americanus / Ancyclostoma duodenale
-due to blood loss - takes bite out of gut to hold on
Hyperinfection syndrome w autoinfection state in immunosuppressed patients
Strongyloides stercoralis
itching at site of inoculation (“running larva” bc can move 1cm in 5 minutes)
Strongyloides stercoralis
Hyperinfections Syndrome symptoms
Immune compromised patient Resp failure Eosinophilia Diffuse utucaria Purpura
Strongyloides stercoralis treatment
Ivermectin
Trichinella spiralis
Trichinella spiralis
muscle pain, swelling, weakness, periorbital/facial edema
Trichinella spiralis inoculation
eating uncooked bear/walrus or wild boar and moose meat that contains encysted larvae
Toxocara cani / Toxocara cati inoculation
normally seen in dogs/cats but can accidentally get into humans where they hematogenously migrate everywhere (eyes, lungs, liver)
Can cause posterior pole granuloma in eye leading to blindness
Toxocara cani / Toxocara cati
Toxocara cani / Toxocara cati treatment
Albendazole +/- Prednisone
Baylisascaris pyocyonis inoculation
normally found in raccoons but can accidentally infect humans by most likely raccoon feces
Baylisascaris pyocyonis symptoms
migrate to nervous system causing eosinophilic meningitis
ingestion of uncooked fish
Anisakis simplex and Capillaria phillippinensis
Taenia saginata inoculation
ingestion of undercooked beef
Double walled eggs in stool
Taenia saginata
Proglottids in stool can be
Taenia saginata
New onset seizures in patients form Mexico and Central America
Taenia solium
Cysticercosis is caused by
Ingest Taenia solium egg from human stool -> form cysts -> neurocysticercosis
Diphyllobothrium latum inoculation
ingestion of cyst larva in undercooked freshwater fish
Taenia solium treatment
Praziquantal and addition of albendazole if Cysticercosis
Megaloblastic anemia dut to B12 def parasite
Diphyllobothrium latum
Oval eggs w operculum on one end
Diphyllobothrium latum
Larges tapeworm
Diphyllobothrium latum
Giardia lablia complications
Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome, arthritis
Entamoeba histolytica causes
Amoebic dysentery (diarrhea w visible blood and mucus)
Entamoeba histolytica treatment
Metronidazole paramycin
most common parasite found in human stool (usually non pathogenic)
Blastocystis hominis
Cryptosporidium parvum diagnosis
circular cyste seen on modified AFB stain (circle)
Cryptosporidium parvum treatment
Nitazoxanide
AIDs + diarrhea usually
Cryptosporidium parvum
Isosproa belli diagnossi
oral cyst seen on modified AFB stain (oval)
Clonorhcis sinesis can cause
sclerosing billiary cholangitis
Norovirus characterized by
Epidemic (cruise, locker room, dorm, daycare, resorts, restaurant)
- non bloody diarrhea
not killed by alcohol or hand gels, must wash hands
norovirus
c. diff
Most common cause of diarrhea in infant and young children
Rotavirus
Pets such as turtles, reptiles, amphibians can cause
Salmonella enteritidis
Consumption of poultry, eggs, and milk products
Salmonella enteritidis
Salmonella enteritidis complications
- infective endocarditis, mycotic aneurysm
- reactive arthritis syndrome (Reiter’s Syndrome)
Salmonella enteritidis agar and appearance
Appears dark on Hektoen Enteric Agar
do you give antibiotics w Salmonella enteritidis
only in severe cases
antibiotics typically prolong carriage
chronic salmonella carrying
Chronic carriage can occur w biliary abnormalities (typically gallstones)
longitudinal ulcer found in ileum over Peyer’s patches
Salmonella typhi
Salmonella paratyphi
Salmonella typhi progression
1st week: fever and pulse-temperature dissociation
2nd week: abdominal pain and rose spots
3rd week: severe worsening of symptoms, ileocecal lymphatic hyperplasia of Peyer’s patches, metal status changes
Widal Test
detects serum antibodies against enteric fever serotype Salmonellas
Salmonella typhi treatment
Ceftriaxone or Azithromycin
Shigella symptoms
Mucoid, bloody diarrhea
Reactive arthritis
Very high WBC could (>50,000)
Shigella agar
Appears clear on Hektoen Enteric Agar
Shigella treatment
hydration and supportive care
-do NOT give anti-motility agents bc concerns of prolongation of fever, diarrhea, bacterial shedding, and inc complication
bloody, vulvovaginitis
shigella
Campylobacter symptoms
Abrupt onset abdominal pain (cramping around periumbilical region)
Fever
Diarrhea
Pseudoappendicitis
Campylobacter can lead to
Guillain Barre Syndrome and delayed reactive arthritis can occur after illness
Campylobacter treatment
Azithromycin
Yersinia agar
bullseye colony on CIN agar
Vibrio parahaemolyticus agar
blue-green color on TCBS media (Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts)
Vibrio cholerae agar
TCBS media (turns media yellow)
“shooting star like projections” on dark field microscopy
Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae treatment
fluid resuscitation, tetracyclines, supplement vitamin A and zinc in children
Tropheryma whipplei symptoms
- Migratory arthralgia in large joints
- Weight loss
- Intermittent diarrhea w malabsorption
- Colicky abdominal pain
Tropheryma whipplei can cause
endocarditis
Clostridium difficile can cause
commonly seen w toxic megacolon -> C. diff causes wall thickening
Vibrio cholerae vs vibrio parahaemolyticus on agar
TCBS agar
- Vibrio cholerae - yellow
- vibrio parahaemolyticus- black no yellow
raw honey/canned foods
clostridium botulinum
dark meat fish poisoning symptoms
burning, itching, edema due to histidine -> histamine by bacteria
-TUNA
Ingestion of reef fish causes
neurological symptoms for days-weeks
cold may feel hot/unpleasant (dysesthesias of temp)
puffer fish poisoning
tertrodotoxin - sodium channel blocker on neurons inhibiting neuron action potentials
