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BECOM 4 > Exam #1 (Parasites) > Flashcards

Exam #1 (Parasites) Flashcards

1
Q

liver hydatid cyst (watery), septations that can lead to calcifications

A

Echinoccocus

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2
Q

Lung migrating parasite

A

Ascaris lubricoides
Necator americanus / Ancyclostoma duodenale
Strongyloides stercoralis

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3
Q

Egg w bumpy edges

A

Ascaris lubricoides

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4
Q

Whirl pool appearance on barium swallow

A

Ascaris lubricoides

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5
Q

can lead to appendicitis

A

Enterobius vermiculuaris

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6
Q

Egg w oval plugs on each end

A

Trichiuris trichiura

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7
Q

Trichiuris trichiura treatment

A

Albendazole or Mebendazole

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8
Q

associated w rectal prolapse

A

Trichiuris trichiura

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9
Q

egg that has “flat edge” on one side

A

Enterobius vermiculuaris

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10
Q

Iron Def anemia parasite and how

A

Necator americanus / Ancyclostoma duodenale

-due to blood loss - takes bite out of gut to hold on

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11
Q

Hyperinfection syndrome w autoinfection state in immunosuppressed patients

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

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12
Q

itching at site of inoculation (“running larva” bc can move 1cm in 5 minutes)

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

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13
Q

Hyperinfections Syndrome symptoms

A 
Immune compromised patient
Resp failure
Eosinophilia
Diffuse utucaria
Purpura
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14
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis treatment

A

Ivermectin

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15
Q

Trichinella spiralis

A

Trichinella spiralis

muscle pain, swelling, weakness, periorbital/facial edema

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16
Q

Trichinella spiralis inoculation

A

eating uncooked bear/walrus or wild boar and moose meat that contains encysted larvae

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17
Q

Toxocara cani / Toxocara cati inoculation

A

normally seen in dogs/cats but can accidentally get into humans where they hematogenously migrate everywhere (eyes, lungs, liver)

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18
Q

Can cause posterior pole granuloma in eye leading to blindness

A

Toxocara cani / Toxocara cati

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19
Q

Toxocara cani / Toxocara cati treatment

A

Albendazole +/- Prednisone

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20
Q

Baylisascaris pyocyonis inoculation

A

normally found in raccoons but can accidentally infect humans by most likely raccoon feces

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21
Q

Baylisascaris pyocyonis symptoms

A

migrate to nervous system causing eosinophilic meningitis

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22
Q

ingestion of uncooked fish

A

Anisakis simplex and Capillaria phillippinensis

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23
Q

Taenia saginata inoculation

A

ingestion of undercooked beef

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24
Q

Double walled eggs in stool

A

Taenia saginata

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25
Q

Proglottids in stool can be

A

Taenia saginata

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26
Q

New onset seizures in patients form Mexico and Central America

A

Taenia solium

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27
Q

Cysticercosis is caused by

A

Ingest Taenia solium egg from human stool -> form cysts -> neurocysticercosis

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28
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum inoculation

A

ingestion of cyst larva in undercooked freshwater fish

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29
Q

Taenia solium treatment

A

Praziquantal and addition of albendazole if Cysticercosis

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30
Q

Megaloblastic anemia dut to B12 def parasite

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

31
Q

Oval eggs w operculum on one end

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

32
Q

Larges tapeworm

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

33
Q

Giardia lablia complications

A

Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome, arthritis

34
Q

Entamoeba histolytica causes

A

Amoebic dysentery (diarrhea w visible blood and mucus)

35
Q

Entamoeba histolytica treatment

A

Metronidazole paramycin

36
Q

most common parasite found in human stool (usually non pathogenic)

A

Blastocystis hominis

37
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum diagnosis

A

circular cyste seen on modified AFB stain (circle)

38
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum treatment

A

Nitazoxanide

39
Q

AIDs + diarrhea usually

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

40
Q

Isosproa belli diagnossi

A

oral cyst seen on modified AFB stain (oval)

41
Q

Clonorhcis sinesis can cause

A

sclerosing billiary cholangitis

42
Q

Norovirus characterized by

A

Epidemic (cruise, locker room, dorm, daycare, resorts, restaurant)
- non bloody diarrhea

43
Q

not killed by alcohol or hand gels, must wash hands

A

norovirus

c. diff

44
Q

Most common cause of diarrhea in infant and young children

A

Rotavirus

45
Q

Pets such as turtles, reptiles, amphibians can cause

A

Salmonella enteritidis

46
Q

Consumption of poultry, eggs, and milk products

A

Salmonella enteritidis

47
Q

Salmonella enteritidis complications

A
  • infective endocarditis, mycotic aneurysm

- reactive arthritis syndrome (Reiter’s Syndrome)

48
Q

Salmonella enteritidis agar and appearance

A

Appears dark on Hektoen Enteric Agar

49
Q

do you give antibiotics w Salmonella enteritidis

A

only in severe cases

antibiotics typically prolong carriage

50
Q

chronic salmonella carrying

A

Chronic carriage can occur w biliary abnormalities (typically gallstones)

51
Q

longitudinal ulcer found in ileum over Peyer’s patches

A

Salmonella typhi

Salmonella paratyphi

52
Q

Salmonella typhi progression

A

1st week: fever and pulse-temperature dissociation
2nd week: abdominal pain and rose spots
3rd week: severe worsening of symptoms, ileocecal lymphatic hyperplasia of Peyer’s patches, metal status changes

53
Q

Widal Test

A

detects serum antibodies against enteric fever serotype Salmonellas

54
Q

Salmonella typhi treatment

A

Ceftriaxone or Azithromycin

55
Q

Shigella symptoms

A

Mucoid, bloody diarrhea
Reactive arthritis
Very high WBC could (>50,000)

56
Q

Shigella agar

A

Appears clear on Hektoen Enteric Agar

57
Q

Shigella treatment

A

hydration and supportive care
-do NOT give anti-motility agents bc concerns of prolongation of fever, diarrhea, bacterial shedding, and inc complication

58
Q

bloody, vulvovaginitis

A

shigella

59
Q

Campylobacter symptoms

A

Abrupt onset abdominal pain (cramping around periumbilical region)
Fever
Diarrhea
Pseudoappendicitis

60
Q

Campylobacter can lead to

A

Guillain Barre Syndrome and delayed reactive arthritis can occur after illness

61
Q

Campylobacter treatment

A

Azithromycin

62
Q

Yersinia agar

A

bullseye colony on CIN agar

63
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus agar

A

blue-green color on TCBS media (Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts)

64
Q

Vibrio cholerae agar

A

TCBS media (turns media yellow)

65
Q

“shooting star like projections” on dark field microscopy

A

Vibrio cholerae

66
Q

Vibrio cholerae treatment

A

fluid resuscitation, tetracyclines, supplement vitamin A and zinc in children

67
Q

Tropheryma whipplei symptoms

A
  • Migratory arthralgia in large joints
  • Weight loss
  • Intermittent diarrhea w malabsorption
  • Colicky abdominal pain
68
Q

Tropheryma whipplei can cause

A

endocarditis

69
Q

Clostridium difficile can cause

A

commonly seen w toxic megacolon -> C. diff causes wall thickening

70
Q

Vibrio cholerae vs vibrio parahaemolyticus on agar

A

TCBS agar

  • Vibrio cholerae - yellow
  • vibrio parahaemolyticus- black no yellow
71
Q

raw honey/canned foods

A

clostridium botulinum

72
Q

dark meat fish poisoning symptoms

A

burning, itching, edema due to histidine -> histamine by bacteria
-TUNA

73
Q

Ingestion of reef fish causes

A

neurological symptoms for days-weeks

cold may feel hot/unpleasant (dysesthesias of temp)

74
Q

puffer fish poisoning

A

tertrodotoxin - sodium channel blocker on neurons inhibiting neuron action potentials

BECOM 4 (4 decks)

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