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Self Care > Exam 1 Part 3 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is pain?

A

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage

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2
Q

What is acute pain?

A

Typically nociceptive and resolves when tissue heals

Last less than 4 weeks

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3
Q

What is chronic pain?

A

Pain that extends beyond the healing period of an acute pain

at least 3 months

serves no adaptive purpose

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4
Q

What kind of management is warranted for cancer?

A

Aggressive management warranted

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5
Q

What is musculoskeletal pain?

A

Somatic pain/ localized
Throbbing, constant, dull

Responds well to analgesics

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6
Q

How do we prevent pain?

A

Stop COX 1 and COX 2

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7
Q

What is included in the musculoskeletal system?

A

Muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, synovial bursae and bone

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8
Q

What is myalgia?

A

Pain in a muscle or group of muscles

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9
Q

What can result in myalgia?

A

Systemic infection, chronic disorder and medication

Result from medication, exercise, and trauma

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10
Q

What is released from COX 1?

A

Thromboxine -clotting
Prostaglandins in the GI and Kidneys (regulate salt and water, neutralize acids)

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11
Q

What do NSAIDs do?

A

Block COX 2 and COX1

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12
Q

What are the side effects of NSAIDs?

A

Acid reflux
GI problems
Hypertension
GI bleeds/bleeding

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13
Q

What is tendonitis?

A

Inflammation of the tendon (bone to muscle)

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14
Q

What causes tendonitis?

A

Infection
Overuse
Trauma
Aging

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15
Q

What are the common sites of tendonitis?

A

Shoulder
Elbow
Hip
Thumb
Knee
Heel

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16
Q

What is the treatment for tendonitis?

A

NSAIDs
Corticosteroids
Joint rest and immobilization

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17
Q

What is bursitis?

A

Inflammation of bursa, sac filled with synovial fluid located near joints

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18
Q

What causes bursitis?

A

Overuse
Injury
Aging
Infection
Trauma

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19
Q

What are the symptoms of bursitis?

A

Pain is tender and constant

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20
Q

Where are the common sites of bursitis?

A

Shoulder
Elbow
Hip
Thumb
Knee
Heel

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21
Q

What can treat bursitis?

A

NSAIDs
Corticosteroids
Joint rest and immobilization
Cold therapy

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22
Q

What is a sprain?

A

Trauma to joint causes ligament damage

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23
Q

What is the treatment for a sprain?

A

Cold therapy for 24 to 48 hours then heat

elevate and or joint immovilization

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24
Q

What causes a sprain?

A

Hyperextension

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25
Q

What are the signs of sprain?

A

Swelling
Bruising

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26
Q

What are the symptoms of Sprain?

A

Loss of function
Numbness

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27
Q

What causes a strain?

A

Overstretching of the muscle

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28
Q

What is the treatment for strain?

A

Joint rest

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29
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

Localized disease with cartilage deterioration and formation of new bone at joint surface

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30
Q

What are the risk factors for osteoarthritis?

A

Age
Trauma to joints
Fracture
Infection

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31
Q

What are the treatments for osteoarthritis?

A

APAP, NSAIDS, hyaluronate injections, glucosamine chondroitin, opiod analgesics

No topical on hips

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32
Q

What are the signs of Osteoarthritis?

A

Evidence of joint degeneration
Visible deformitis of fingers

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33
Q

What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis?

A

Pain joint tenderness
Morning stiffness
Limited ROM
Crepitus

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34
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Systemic disease with inflammation of synovial tissues
Need diagnosis from MD and prescription

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35
Q

What are the causes of Rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Unknown

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36
Q

What is the treatment of RA?

A

Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs
NSAIDs, adjunctive corticosteroids

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37
Q

What is the difference between RA and OA in morning sickness?

A

RA over an hour
OA less than fifteen minutes

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38
Q

What is the difference in inflammation for RA and OA?

A

RA - present
OA- absent or mild

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39
Q

What is the difference in swelling for RA and OA?

A

RA- symmetrical
OA- irregular

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40
Q

What is RICE?

A

Rest injured area
Ice area during beginning 10-20 min up to 24 hours
Compression of injury using elastic support or bandage
Elevation of injured area at or above the levell of the heart to decrease swelling

41
Q

What are the dietary supplements for Arthritis?

A

Glucosamine
Chondroitin
SAMe
Cetyl myristolate

42
Q

What lifestyle changes can help with arthritis?

A

PT
Weight loss

43
Q

What topical analgesic causes cooling sensation?

A

Camphor
Menthol

44
Q

What topical analgesic can cause vasodilation?

A

Histamine dihydrochloride

45
Q

What topical analgesic causes warming?

A

Capsaicin
Desensitize the area

46
Q

What are other common topical analgesics?

A

Lidocain
Trolamine salicylate
Methyl salicylate

47
Q

What does Capsaicin heat producer do/

A

Produces loss of sensation to pain receptors
Has heating sensation

48
Q

How do you use capsaicin for patch?

A

Apply to affected area 3-4 times a day for up to 8 hours for 7 days

49
Q

How do you use topical capsaicin?

A

Apply to affected area 3-4 times a day

50
Q

What is capsaicin used for?

A

Arthritis or chronic joint pain

51
Q

What warning should be given for capsaicin?

A

Can really irritate the skin

52
Q

What is trolamine salicylate?

A

works very similar to NSAIDs in that it inhibits COX enzymes

53
Q

What does trolamine do?

A

Relief of pain of muscular aches, rheumatism, neuralgia, sprains, arthritis on intact skin without systemic side effects

54
Q

How do you use trolamine?

A

Apply to affected area as needed up to 3-4 times a day

55
Q

What is lidocaine?

A

Local anesthetic work by blocking the permeability of sodium ions leading to numbing of an affected area

56
Q

How do you use the lidocaine cream?

A

Apply 2-4 times daily

57
Q

How do you use the lidocaine patch?

A

Place for up to 12 hours in any 24 hour period

58
Q

What do you not want to use topical products on?

A

abraded sunburned damaged skin

59
Q

What are the key counseling points for topical agents?

A

Wash hands after applying to skin and before touching mucous membranes or thin sensitive areas
Dont use a tight wrap or heating device

60
Q

What age should you be when using zostrix/capsaicin?

A

Above 18 years old

61
Q

What age is reccommended for lidocaine?

A

12 years and above

62
Q

What are the side effects of camphor?

A

High doses can cause nausea, vomitting, headache, dizziness, convulsions

63
Q

What are the side effects of menthol?

A

Sensitization may occur

64
Q

What is the major side effect of capsaicin?

A

Can really irritate skin

65
Q

What is PQRS?

A

Palliative provoking factor
Quality (describe pain)
Region
Severity

66
Q

What are the exclusions for self care for pain?

A

Pain above 6
Pain over 10 days
Pain last longer than 7 days with topical analgesic
Increased intensity or change in characteristics of pain
Pelvic or abdominal pain
Pain with other systemic symptoms
Deformed joints, numbness, suspected fracture
Pregnancy
Under 2

67
Q

What are primary headaches?

A

About 90% prevalence - are not associated with underlying illness

Migraine, tension and cluster headaches

68
Q

What are secondary headaches?

A

Symptomatic from an underlying conditions like trauma, stroke, bacterial or viral infection

Cannot make reccomendation

69
Q

How long to chronic headaches last?

A

Chronic headaches 15 or more days per month for 3 months

Acute is less than this

70
Q

What are the different types of self treated headaches?

A

Tension type
Migraine
Cluster
Sinus
Alcohol induced

71
Q

What kind of onset is tension headache?

A

Gradual onset

72
Q

What kind of pain occurs in a tenstion headache?

A

Bilateral, diffuse pain in the head that may radiate to other areas
Tight, pressing or constricting pain
Dull pressure that does not throb

73
Q

What causes tension headaches?

A

Stress
Anxiety
Depression
Emotional conflict

74
Q

How long can tension headaches last?

A

Minutes to days

75
Q

What is the usual age of onset for migraine headaches?

A

10-45 years

76
Q

TF: Migraines are more common in men?

A

False
In women than men

77
Q

What are migraines caused by?

A

Thought to be due to temporary narrowing of some blood vessels, decreasing the brain’s supply of blood and oxygen - enlargement of other vessels in an attempt to normalize the brains oxygenation

78
Q

What are the signs of migraines?

A

Throbbing
Pounding
Pulsating ache that is usually unilateral

Originates as a dull ache at pain onset usually worsens to full intensity that may persist for 6-48 hours

79
Q

What other symptoms come from migraines?

A

Visual abnormalities
Fatigue
Phonophobia
Photophobia
Nausea and vomitting
Sweating
Chills

80
Q

What foods may cause migraines?

A

Foods that contain tyramine

Beans
Figs
Chicken liver
Smoked fish
Aged cheese
Red wine

81
Q

Who has cluster headaches the most?

A

30-40 year old males

82
Q

What pain is seen with cluster headaches?

A

Unilateral
Concentrated in temporal or orbital region

Sudden onset with no warning
15 min to 3 hours

83
Q

What is a sinus headache caused by?

A

Infection or blockage of paranasal sinuses causing inflammation of the sinus walls

84
Q

Where is the pain for sinus headaches?

A

Around the forehead or periorbital area

Pain stops when sinus pressure is relieved

85
Q

What are the preventions for tension headache?

A

Avoid triggers
Reduce stress
Get treatment for anxiety depression

86
Q

What are the preventions for migraines?

A

Avoid triggers
Prescription medication

87
Q

What are the preventions of cluster headaches?

A

Prescription only

88
Q

What are the preventions for sinus headaches?

A

Avoid allergens

89
Q

What are the treatments for tension headaches?

A

APAP
ASA
Caffeine
IBU
Avoid triggers

90
Q

What is the treatment for sinus headaches?

A

Combination analgesic and decongestant

91
Q

What are the pharamacologic treatment options for headaches?

A

Aspirin
APAP
Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Caffiene

92
Q

What do combo products for sinus headaches contain?

A

APAP
Diphenhydramine/phenylephrine
Guaifenesin
ASA
Caffeine

93
Q

What do combo products for migraines contain?

A

APAP
ASA
Caffeine

94
Q

When do you refer patients for headaches?

A

Severe head pain
Lasting longer 10 days
Third trimester
Younger than 8 years old
History of liver disease
Secondary headaches
Undiagnosed migraines

95
Q

What is the max dose for ASA?

A

4 g

96
Q

What is the max dose for APAP?

A

3 g

97
Q

What is the max dose of IBU?

A

1.2 g

98
Q

What is the max dose of Naproxen?

A

660 mg

Self Care (3 decks)

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