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Self Care > Exam 1 Part 2 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does a fever mean?

A

100.4 degrees F

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2
Q

TF: Temperature values differ based on the location it is obtained?

A

True
Mouth, armpit, ear, forehead, rectal

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3
Q

What is the range for normal body temperature?

A

97.8 - 99F

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4
Q

What are the complications of a fever?

A

Febrile seizure (not bad)
Dehydration
Change in mental status
Coma
Increased risk of complications in infants and geriatric

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5
Q

How do you convert F to C?

A

5/9 *(F-32)

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6
Q

How do you go from C to F?

A

(9/5 *C) +32

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7
Q

Who regulates thermometers as medical devices?

A

FDA

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8
Q

What route is reccomended for taking temperature for infants?

A

Rectal

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9
Q

How do you find true temp from oral temp?

A

It is a degree below core temp

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10
Q

What is the problem with taking temp by ear?

A

Problems with technique

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11
Q

Why is skin a problem route for taking temp?

A

Imprecise

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12
Q

What is the temp for a fever in the armpit?

A

98.96F

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13
Q

What is the temp for fever via rectum?

A

over 100.4F

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14
Q

What is the temp for fever via oral?

A

Over 100

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15
Q

How off are digital thermometers?

A

0.2 degrees F

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16
Q

How off are basal therms?

A

0.01 degrees F

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17
Q

How off are infra red therms?

A

0.2 degrees F

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18
Q

How off are non contact therms?

A

0.4 F

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19
Q

How off are color change therms?

A

around 2 degrees F

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20
Q

What should you avoid for oral thermometers?

A

Exercise and hot or cold items for at least 5 min before reading

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21
Q

To get accurate results for oral thermometers what should you do?

A

Place under tongue slightly to one side of mouth for recommended time

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22
Q

What is the most accurate thermometer?

A

Rectal thermometer

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23
Q

How do you use rectal thermometer?

A

Insert about one inch and leave in place for required time

Buttocks are separated and inserted and then they are pinched closed and held in place for 3-5 min

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24
Q

When should axillary thermometers not be used?

A

Directly after vigorous activity or bathing

Tolerable for children

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25
Q

How do you use an ear or infrared thermometer?

A

Probe cover is applied and probe is placed in ear canal
Firm pressure is applied to seal the ear canal from ambient air

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26
Q

How do you use temporal infrared thermometer?

A

Place on side of the forehead over the temporal artery and move across forehead

Push hair away from thermometer as it may change results

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27
Q

What causes fever?

A

Idiopathic
Infection
Immunization
Cancers
Blood clots
Autoimmune disorders
Teething
Pharmacological agents

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28
Q

What is the pathophysiology of fever?

A

A macrophage ingests a gram negative bacteria
Bacteria is degraded in vacuole releasing endotoxins that induce IL-1 production
IL-1 is released by the macrophage into the blood stream and travels to hypothalmus of brain
IL1 induces hypothalamus to produce prostaglandins which reset the body’s thermostat to a higher temperature

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29
Q

What is the goal of fever therapy?

A

Alleviate discomfort of fever not to achieve a specific temperature

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30
Q

What are some of the non pharmacologic therapies for fever?

A

Fluids
Eat light foods easy to digest
Rest
Warm bath
Dress lightly

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31
Q

What are some pharmacologic treatments?

A

Acetaminophen
Salicylates
NSAIDs

In above 103 otherwise use nonpharmacologic therapy

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32
Q

What do salicylates provide/

A

Analgesic, antipyretic, and anti inflammatory actions

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33
Q

What do salicylates do?

A

Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis

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34
Q

What are salicylates FDA approved for?

A

osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
minor aches
pains
fever

35
Q

What are the medications for Salicylates?

A

Aspirin and magnesium salicylate

36
Q

What is aspirin indicated for prevention of?

A

Thromboembolic events
Irreversible inhibition of platelet function for lifetime of the platelet

Decreases valproic acid metabolism

37
Q

What is the onset for aspirin??

A

1-2 hours after oral administration

Can have platelet effect up to 7 days

38
Q

What is the dosing of aspirin?

A

every 4-6 hours as needed

300-500 mg tabs supps

39
Q

What is the max dose per day of aspirin?

A

4g/day

40
Q

What are the different types of aspirin (alone)?

A

Vufferin
Bayer
St Joseph
Ecotrin

41
Q

What are the combination products with aspirin?

A

Excedrin
Goodys
BC powder
Anacin

42
Q

What must a patient do with aspirin before surgery?

A

Discontinue 2-7 days before surgery

43
Q

Why should you avoid giving aspirin ASA to children?

A

Increased risk of Reye’s syndrome -chicken pox- in children younger than 15 years old

ASA should only be prescribed by a physician for specific indications such as Kawasaki’s Disease and Juvenile Rheumatoid arthritis

44
Q

What is the dose of aspirin extra strength?

A

500 mg do not take more than 8 pills in 24 hours

45
Q

What is the dose of regular aspirin?

A

325mg do not take more than 12 pills in 24 hours

46
Q

What is a major side effect of aspirin?

A

GI upset - take with antacid

47
Q

What does acetaminophen APAP do?

A

Inhibits prostaglandin production

48
Q

What does the use of Acetaminophen APAP result in?

A

Analgesic and antipyretic properties

49
Q

What is APAP FDA used for?

A

Reduce fever and treat mild to moderate pain

50
Q

What are the adverse effects of APAP?

A

Drowsiness
Hepatotoxicity dose related
mephrotoxicity with chronic use

May slightly reduce immune response to some vaccines

51
Q

What is APAP onset?

A

about 30 minutes after oral administration

52
Q

What is the duration of action for APAP?

A

4 hours (6-8 in extended release)

53
Q

What is the dosing for APAP?

A

every 4 to 6 hours (8 hours in extended release)

54
Q

What are the doses range for APAP?

A

325-1000mg

55
Q

What is the max dose daily for APAP for hepatotoxicity?

A

3-4g day

56
Q

What combination medicines have APAP?

A

Mucinex sinus max
Goodys
Robitussin severe cough and sore throat
Dayquil nyquil
Excedrin

57
Q

What is the biggest cause of APAP toxicity?

A

Unintentional overdose and intentional does not fall far behind

Major cause of acute liver failure in the US

58
Q

What are the early signs and symptoms of APAP toxicity?

A

nausea
vomiting
drowsiness
confusion
abdominal pain

59
Q

What is the children dosing of APAP?

A

10-15mg/kg
PO
Q4-6H prn
or
10-20 mg/kg PR q4-6H prn

60
Q

What is the max daily dose for children?

A

75mg/kg daily (PO/PR)
5 doses in 24 hours

61
Q

What infant medication has tylenol?

A

Fever all
Fever reducer
Pain and fever childrens

62
Q

What does NSAID stand for?

A

Nonsalicylate Nonsteroidsal anti inflammatory drugs

63
Q

What do NSAIDs do?

A

Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

64
Q

What are NSAIDs FDA approved for?

A

Fever
Minor pains
With or without plus arthritis

65
Q

What do NSAIDs do to renal clearance of Digoxin

A

They inhibit it

66
Q

What may ibuprofen increase?

A

Phenytoin levels

67
Q

What is the NSAID caution?

A

In patients with cardiovascular disease taking non aspirin NSAID, the risk of heart attack, heart hailure, and stroke increases

68
Q

What is the risk of ibuprofen and alcohol consumption?

A

Increased risk for GI bleeding

69
Q

What is the onset for Ibuprofen?

A

30 min

after oral administration

70
Q

What is the duration of action of Ibuprofen?

A

6-8 hours

71
Q

What are the doses of ibuprofen/

A

200-400 mg

max 1200mg in 24 hours

72
Q

What is the onset of naproxen?

A

30 min after oral administration

73
Q

What is the duration of action for naproxen?

A

12 hours

74
Q

What is the dosing of naproxen?

A

8-12 hours as needed (may take 2 tabs for first dose)

75
Q

What are the doses of naproxen?

A

220 mg tabs caps and suspensions

Max dose 660mg in 24 hours

76
Q

How do you calculate children dosing?

A

5-10 mg/kg q6-8h

max 1200 mg a day or 4 doses a day
Not for children less than 6 months

77
Q

What age must a child be to take Naproxen?

A

12

78
Q

Which of the drugs cause hypertension?

A

Aspirin and other NSAIDs

79
Q

Know sides 47 and 46

A

Memorize them

80
Q

What can you use for pain in the first trimester?

A

NSAIDs
APAP
Salicylates

81
Q

What can a patient take in the second and third trimester for pain?

A

Acetaminophen

82
Q

What can fever in pregnancy indicate

A

infection
Preeclampsia

83
Q

What can a breastfeeding patient take for pain?

A

Naproxen
Ibuprofen
APAP

Self Care (3 decks)

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