Exam 1 Part 2 (arthrokinematics) Flashcards
What are four advantages of the concave/convex relationship in joints?
increases contact surface area, contributes to joint stability, increases dissipation of contact forces, helps guide motion between the bones
What are five movements that can occur between joint surfaces?
rolling, sliding, spin, distraction and longitudinal traction (pulling) and compression
What is an example of a rolling joint?
femoral condyles rolling along the tibial plateau (roll occurs in the directions of movement, usually in combination with sliding or spinning)
“multiple points along one rotating articular surface contact multiple points on another articular surface” is an example of what type of joint movement?
rolling
“a single point on one articular surface contacts multiple points on another articular surface” is an example of what type of joint movement?
sliding/gliding
What is an example of a sliding joint?
carpal bones sliding along facet surfaces
“a single point on one articular surface rotates on a single point on another articular surface” is an example of what type of joint movement?
spinning (does not occur by itself)
What is an example of a spinning joint?
head of the radius at radiohumeral joint during pronation/supination.
What happens during spinal longitudinal traction?
vertebral bodies separate, facets slide apart, foramens open
What type of joint motion adds stability to a joint?
compression
What is convex on concave motion?
when the concave side of a joint is stabilized and the convex surface slides in the OPPOSITE direction as it rolls
What is concave on convex motion?
when the convex side of a joint s stabilized and the concabe joint surface slides in the SAME direction as it rolls
what rule is followed to restore normal joint play and increase pain-free ROM?
the convex-concave rule
What are two kinds of motion that can occur at the glenohumeral joint?
(roll, slide and spin) OR (just roll and spin but wo slide), both during abduction
knee convex on concave roll, slide and spin occurs during knee flexion or extension?
knee extension
knee concave on convex roll, slide and spin occurs during knee flexion or extension?
knee flexion
What spinal motion occurs in the sagittal plane?
flexion and extension
What spinal motion occurs in the frontal (coronal) plane?
lateral flexion
What spinal motion occurs in the transverse plane?
rotation
What is out-of-plane motion?
3D movement
How many degrees of freedom do spinal segments exhibit?
6 (3 translations and 3 rotations)
around what hypothetical point to spinal segments rotate around?
instantaneous axis of rotation, the IAR
What is a spinal motion segment?
the function unit of the spine- two vertebrae with one intervertebral disc, exhibiting 6 degrees of freedom
What four ligamentous structures surround the spinal motion segment?
capsular ligament, joint space of zygapophyseal joint, superior articular facets, capsule of zygapophyseal joint
What position of the spine is used for traction, joint mobilization and maximum joint play?
loose-packed joint position, halfway between flexion and extension
when there is no joint-play and there is maximal contact between spinal articular surfaces, this is called _____ join position
closed-packed joint position- can occur either in flexion or extension
how many cervical, thoracic and lumber vertebrae are there?
cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5)
flexion of the spine occurs mostly in which spinal region?
mostly lumbar, some cervical and minimal thoracic
extension of the spine occurs mostly in which region?
mostly cervical, some lumber and minimal thoracic
lateral flexion occurs mostly in which spinal region?
mostly cervical, minimal lumbar and thoracic
rotation of the spine occurs mostly in which spinal region?
mostly cervical, considerable thoracic, very minimal lumber rotation
At the atlanto-occipital joint, what motion occurs and which facets are convex/concave?
occipital condyles (convex) articulate with the atlas facet joints (convex), allowing the condyles to ROCK
What kind of motion occurs at the C0-C1 joint?
posterior gliding (flexion) and anterior rolling (extension). also minimal lateral flexion
upon c0-c1 rotation, the occiput glides ______on the side of rotation and _____ on the side opposite of rotation.
posteriorly on the side of rotation and anteriorly on the side opposite of rotation
What type of joint is the atlas-odontoid joint?
a synovial joint
What ligamentous structures are associated with the atlanto-odotoid joint?
transverse ligament, occipital-odontoid, atlas-odontoid ligaments
in c1-c2 flexion, C1 glides posteriorly/anteriorly?
posteriorly
in c1-c2 extension, C1 glides_______
anteriorly
in C1-C2 lateral flexion, the articular surfaces of C1 glide away from/in the direction of the side of lateral flexion?
in the direction of the side of lateral flexion
What accounts for half of cervical rotation?
C1-C2 odontoid rotation (accounts for the first 25degs of cervical rotation)
C2 flexion/extension is primarily what type of movement?
translation
what happens during C2/cervical flexion?
ant disc compression, posterios distraction. facets glide apart, stretch and joint gaps
what happens during C2/cervical extension?
posterior compression, anterior disc distraction. facets approximate and inferior margins compress
In C3-C7, which is bigger? the vertebral body width or the A-P length?
vertebral width
C3-C7 articular facets are at_____ degs angle with the transverse plane and ______ to the frontal plane
45 deg angle to the transverse plane, parallel with the frontal (coronal) plane
What do the joints of Luschka do? (aka interbody/uncovertebral joints)
limit lateral flexion, guide the coupling the lateral flexion with rotation. formed ages 6/9 to 18
What type of curve is the cervical curve, and is it primary or secondary?
lordotic curve, forms secondary (in response to upright posture)
Are cervical discs higher in the anterior or posterior side?
higher in the anterior side- thus contributes to lordosis
What kind of movement is predominant in the cervical spine?
flexion/extension, which is a combination of segmental tipping (sagittal rotation) and gliding (sagittal translation)
does lateral flexion decrease or increase as one moves caudally down the cervical spine?
lateral flexion decreases as one moves caudally down the spine
What motion is coupled with lateral flexion of the cervical spine? and does this coupling decrease or increase caudally?
ipsilateral axial rotation, this coupling decreases caudallly
