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Biomechanics Exam 1 > Exam 1 Part 2 (arthrokinematics) > Flashcards

Exam 1 Part 2 (arthrokinematics) Flashcards

1
Q

What are four advantages of the concave/convex relationship in joints?

A

increases contact surface area, contributes to joint stability, increases dissipation of contact forces, helps guide motion between the bones

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2
Q

What are five movements that can occur between joint surfaces?

A

rolling, sliding, spin, distraction and longitudinal traction (pulling) and compression

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3
Q

What is an example of a rolling joint?

A

femoral condyles rolling along the tibial plateau (roll occurs in the directions of movement, usually in combination with sliding or spinning)

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4
Q

“multiple points along one rotating articular surface contact multiple points on another articular surface” is an example of what type of joint movement?

A

rolling

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5
Q

“a single point on one articular surface contacts multiple points on another articular surface” is an example of what type of joint movement?

A

sliding/gliding

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6
Q

What is an example of a sliding joint?

A

carpal bones sliding along facet surfaces

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7
Q

“a single point on one articular surface rotates on a single point on another articular surface” is an example of what type of joint movement?

A

spinning (does not occur by itself)

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8
Q

What is an example of a spinning joint?

A

head of the radius at radiohumeral joint during pronation/supination.

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9
Q

What happens during spinal longitudinal traction?

A

vertebral bodies separate, facets slide apart, foramens open

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10
Q

What type of joint motion adds stability to a joint?

A

compression

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11
Q

What is convex on concave motion?

A

when the concave side of a joint is stabilized and the convex surface slides in the OPPOSITE direction as it rolls

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12
Q

What is concave on convex motion?

A

when the convex side of a joint s stabilized and the concabe joint surface slides in the SAME direction as it rolls

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13
Q

what rule is followed to restore normal joint play and increase pain-free ROM?

A

the convex-concave rule

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14
Q

What are two kinds of motion that can occur at the glenohumeral joint?

A

(roll, slide and spin) OR (just roll and spin but wo slide), both during abduction

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15
Q

knee convex on concave roll, slide and spin occurs during knee flexion or extension?

A

knee extension

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16
Q

knee concave on convex roll, slide and spin occurs during knee flexion or extension?

A

knee flexion

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17
Q

What spinal motion occurs in the sagittal plane?

A

flexion and extension

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18
Q

What spinal motion occurs in the frontal (coronal) plane?

A

lateral flexion

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19
Q

What spinal motion occurs in the transverse plane?

A

rotation

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20
Q

What is out-of-plane motion?

A

3D movement

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21
Q

How many degrees of freedom do spinal segments exhibit?

A

6 (3 translations and 3 rotations)

22
Q

around what hypothetical point to spinal segments rotate around?

A

instantaneous axis of rotation, the IAR

23
Q

What is a spinal motion segment?

A

the function unit of the spine- two vertebrae with one intervertebral disc, exhibiting 6 degrees of freedom

24
Q

What four ligamentous structures surround the spinal motion segment?

A

capsular ligament, joint space of zygapophyseal joint, superior articular facets, capsule of zygapophyseal joint

25
Q

What position of the spine is used for traction, joint mobilization and maximum joint play?

A

loose-packed joint position, halfway between flexion and extension

26
Q

when there is no joint-play and there is maximal contact between spinal articular surfaces, this is called _____ join position

A

closed-packed joint position- can occur either in flexion or extension

27
Q

how many cervical, thoracic and lumber vertebrae are there?

A

cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5)

28
Q

flexion of the spine occurs mostly in which spinal region?

A

mostly lumbar, some cervical and minimal thoracic

29
Q

extension of the spine occurs mostly in which region?

A

mostly cervical, some lumber and minimal thoracic

30
Q

lateral flexion occurs mostly in which spinal region?

A

mostly cervical, minimal lumbar and thoracic

31
Q

rotation of the spine occurs mostly in which spinal region?

A

mostly cervical, considerable thoracic, very minimal lumber rotation

32
Q

At the atlanto-occipital joint, what motion occurs and which facets are convex/concave?

A

occipital condyles (convex) articulate with the atlas facet joints (convex), allowing the condyles to ROCK

33
Q

What kind of motion occurs at the C0-C1 joint?

A

posterior gliding (flexion) and anterior rolling (extension). also minimal lateral flexion

34
Q

upon c0-c1 rotation, the occiput glides ______on the side of rotation and _____ on the side opposite of rotation.

A

posteriorly on the side of rotation and anteriorly on the side opposite of rotation

35
Q

What type of joint is the atlas-odontoid joint?

A

a synovial joint

36
Q

What ligamentous structures are associated with the atlanto-odotoid joint?

A

transverse ligament, occipital-odontoid, atlas-odontoid ligaments

37
Q

in c1-c2 flexion, C1 glides posteriorly/anteriorly?

A

posteriorly

38
Q

in c1-c2 extension, C1 glides_______

A

anteriorly

39
Q

in C1-C2 lateral flexion, the articular surfaces of C1 glide away from/in the direction of the side of lateral flexion?

A

in the direction of the side of lateral flexion

40
Q

What accounts for half of cervical rotation?

A

C1-C2 odontoid rotation (accounts for the first 25degs of cervical rotation)

41
Q

C2 flexion/extension is primarily what type of movement?

A

translation

42
Q

what happens during C2/cervical flexion?

A

ant disc compression, posterios distraction. facets glide apart, stretch and joint gaps

43
Q

what happens during C2/cervical extension?

A

posterior compression, anterior disc distraction. facets approximate and inferior margins compress

44
Q

In C3-C7, which is bigger? the vertebral body width or the A-P length?

A

vertebral width

45
Q

C3-C7 articular facets are at_____ degs angle with the transverse plane and ______ to the frontal plane

A

45 deg angle to the transverse plane, parallel with the frontal (coronal) plane

46
Q

What do the joints of Luschka do? (aka interbody/uncovertebral joints)

A

limit lateral flexion, guide the coupling the lateral flexion with rotation. formed ages 6/9 to 18

47
Q

What type of curve is the cervical curve, and is it primary or secondary?

A

lordotic curve, forms secondary (in response to upright posture)

48
Q

Are cervical discs higher in the anterior or posterior side?

A

higher in the anterior side- thus contributes to lordosis

49
Q

What kind of movement is predominant in the cervical spine?

A

flexion/extension, which is a combination of segmental tipping (sagittal rotation) and gliding (sagittal translation)

50
Q

does lateral flexion decrease or increase as one moves caudally down the cervical spine?

A

lateral flexion decreases as one moves caudally down the spine

51
Q

What motion is coupled with lateral flexion of the cervical spine? and does this coupling decrease or increase caudally?

A

ipsilateral axial rotation, this coupling decreases caudallly

Biomechanics Exam 1 (2 decks)

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