Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal Physiology > Exam 1 Part 2 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term for abnormal leakage of fluid from the plasma to the interstitial spaces across the capillaries?

A

extracellular edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F: Increased capillary filtration results in the increase in the permeability and surface area of the capillary.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

With extracellular edema, fibrous tissue in the parenchymal cells results in these cells not being able to produce enough plasma proteins which results in what condition?

A

cirrhosis of the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F: loss of proteins in the urine due to kidney disease can result in nephrotic syndrome.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F: Renal diseases can cause damage to the glomeruli resulting in membranes blocking passage of proteins into the urine.

A

False; results in leaky membranes allowing passage of proteins into the urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F: With extracellular edema, increased capillary pressure can result in reduced kidney retention of salt and water.

A

False; can result in excessive kidney retention of salt and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F: Extracellular edema can involve decreased plasma proteins, increased capillary permeability, and decreased lymph return.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F: Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure in loose subcutaneous tissues of the body is less than atmospheric pressure and creates a “suction” that holds the tissue together.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure in looses subcutaneous tissues is in the negative range, is that a small or a large interstitial hydrostatic pressure?

A

large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F: Edema helps to protect the body by decreasing lymph flow.

A

False; actually increases lymph flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F: “washdown” is damaging to the body.

A

False; protects the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F: as we increase interstitial fluid pressure, lymph flow increases which results in a decrease in interstitium protein concentration.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F: a decrease in interstitium protein concentration decreases the osmotic pressure.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F: The negative hydrostatic pressure of interstitial fluid in loose subcutaneous tissues, increased lymph flow, and washdown of proteins are all safety factors that increase edema.

A

False; these are safety factors that prevent edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T/F: Kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space and around the L1-L4 vertebra.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are the cortex and medulla?

A

Cortex is outer; you should look at a picture if you don’t know

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many renal pyramids are in the medulla of each kidney?

A

8-10; know the major/minor calyces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T/F: Calyces, renal pelvis, and ureter all contract to propel urine to the bladder,

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How much of the cardiac output is kidney blood flow?

A

22% (1100 ml/min on avg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the order of Kidney blood flow beginning with the renal artery going in?

A

Renal artery->interlobar arteries -> arcuate arteries -> interlobar arterioles-> afferent arterioles -> Glomerular capillaries -> Efferent arteriole -> Peritubular capillaries

RIA In A GEP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is unique about kidney blood flow?

A

there are two capillary beds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the two capillary beds of the kidneys?

A

glomerular and peritubular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which have higher hydrostatic pressure, glomerular or peritubular capillaries?

A

glomerular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which causes rapid fluid filtration, glomerular or peritubular capillaries?

A

glomerular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which allows for rapid fluid reabsorption, glomerular or peritubular capillaries?

A

peritubular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the order of kidney blood flow going out beginning with the peritubular capillaries?

A

peritubular caps -> interlobar vein -> arcuate vein -> interlobular vein -> renal vein

PI AIR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney>

A

nephron

28
Q

Be able to label that diagram in the notes around the nephron material.

A

Especially, Afferent arteriole from the renal artery, glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, Proximal tubule, Peritubular capillaries, Distal tubule, Collecting duct, Loop of Henle, and the efferent areteriole from glomerulus

29
Q

T/F: The kidney cannot regenerate new nephrons.

A

true

30
Q

T/F: After 40 years old, there is a decrease of fxn nephrons of 10% every 10 years.

A

True

31
Q

What capillaries are encased in Bowman’s capsule?

A

Glomerular capillaries

32
Q

What is the order of fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries?

A

Bowman’s capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, macula densa, distal tubule, connecting tubule, cortical collecting duct, medullary collecting duct, and finally, renal pelvis through tips of the renal papillae.

33
Q

What are the 2 different structural types of nephron?

A

cortical nephron, and juxtamedullary nephron

34
Q

Which structural type of nephron are the short loops of Henle? long loops of Henle?

A

short-Cortical
Long-Juxtamedullary
(Juxtamedullary is a longer word than cortical)

35
Q

T/F: Most nephrons are juxtamedullary nephrons.

A

False; 20-30% are juxtamedullary, 70-80% are cortical

36
Q

What condition is caused by different disorders that damage the kidney, causing release of excess proteins in the urine?

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

37
Q

Along with protein in the urine, what other sign is associated with Nephrotic Syndrome?

A

Foamy urine

38
Q

With Nephrotic Syndrome, what is the MC protein found in the urine?

A

Albumin

39
Q

T/F: UTIs caused by bacterial infection are commonly associated with Cystitis.

A

True

40
Q

What condition is characterized by an acute infection of the renal pelvis or pernchyma usually due to an ascendin infection (UTI)?

A

Pyelonephritis

41
Q

What is the condition that commonly causes kidney stones?

A

Nephrolithiasis

42
Q

What are the MC types of kidney stones?

A

calcium oxilate or calcium phosphate

43
Q

T/F: Predisposition to having kidney stones runs in families.,

A

True

44
Q

What is PKD?

A

Polycystic kidney disease - a genetic disorder that causes formation and enlargement of cysts in the kidneys

45
Q

T/F: The micturition reflex is a nervous reflex that occurs after tension of the bladder wall raises above a threshold level.

A

True

46
Q

What is the important muscle associated with the bladder?

A

detrusor muscle

47
Q

T/F: the detrusor muscle is smooth muscle and its fibers are intertwined.

A

True

48
Q

T/F: the detrusor muscle has a high-resistance to electrical impulse between muscle cells.

A

False; low-resistance which is why the whole bladder empties at once

49
Q

What is the structure located on the posterior wall of the bladder, above the bladder neck?

A

trigone

50
Q

What is noticeably different about the trigone of the bladder?

A

It is smooth; the rest is folded

51
Q

T/F: the tone of the detrusor shuts down the ureters and prevents backflow of urine.

A

True

52
Q

What muscle is located in the neck of the bladder and is composed of the detrusor muscle and elastic tissue?

A

internal sphincter

53
Q

What muscles prevents emptying of the bladder until the pressure rises above the critical threshold?

A

internal sphincter

54
Q

T/F: the urethra passes through the urogenital diaphragm.

A

True

55
Q

T/F: the external sphincter muscles is smooth muscle and under voluntary control.

A

True

56
Q

What is the innervation of the bladder?

A

pelvic nerves through the sacral plexus (S2, S3 cord segments)

57
Q

What nerve innervates the external bladder sphincter?

A

Pudendal nerve

58
Q

T/F: Urine flows from the nephron to the collecting ducts to the renal calyces to the ureters to the bladder.

A

True

59
Q

T/F: Urine flow from the collecting ducts to the renal calyces causes peristaltic contractions.

A

True

60
Q

What causes the micturition reflex?

A

sensory stretch receptors are initiated as the bladder fills with urine

61
Q

T/F: the micturition reflex is regenerative.

A

True, the cycle repeats multiple times

62
Q

T/F: if the bladder is not emptied, the micturition reflex can be inhibited for minutes or even hours.

A

True

63
Q

T/F: the micturition reflex is an autonomic reflex.

A

True

64
Q

What part of the brain can inhibit or facilitate urination?

A

centers in the pons and cerebral cortex

65
Q

What has the final control of micturition?

A

higher centers (pons and cerebral cortex)

66
Q

How can urination be voluntary?

A

When a person contracts the abdominal muscles it increases the pressure in the bladder which stimulates stretch receptors.

Renal Physiology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions