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BOT 3015 > Exam 1 Part 2 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

herbaceous stems are organized into 6 areas:

A

epidermis
cortex
pith
primary xylem
primary phloem
cambium layer

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2
Q

stem epidermis

A

cells arising from protoderm; covered by cuticle

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3
Q

glabrous stems

A

without hairs, smooth and often shiny

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4
Q

pubescent stems

A

small epidermal hairs

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5
Q

cortex & pith

A

arise from ground meristem; may have starch reserves and structural roles

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6
Q

stem xylem

A

conduct water and dissolved minerals from roots to rest of plant

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7
Q

stem phloem

A

distributes food from photosynthetic tissue to other tissues

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8
Q

solenostele

A

present in some eudicots; vascular tissue appears as continuous ring

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9
Q

eustele

A

present in most eudicots; vascular bundles discrete but in a circle

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10
Q

atactostele

A

present in most monocots; vascular bundles scattered through stem

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11
Q

sieve cells

A

arranged end-to-end in columns; make up phloem tissue

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12
Q

companion cells

A

located next to sieve cells, keep sieve cells alive

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13
Q

xylem tissue

A

composed of water-conducting cells, fibers, and parenchyma cells

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14
Q

tracheids

A

found in all vascular plants, have thinner cell walls

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15
Q

vessel elements

A

found in angiosperms and gymnosperms, thick cell walls

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16
Q

vascular cambium has two types of cells:

A

fusiform initials and ray initials

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17
Q

fusiform intials

A

cells inside > secondary xylem
cells outside > secondary phloem
cells sideways > add more cells to meristem

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18
Q

ray initials

A

forms vascular rays

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19
Q

stem periderm

A

cork cambium’s three layers: phellem cells (outside), phelloderm cells (inside), meristematic cells (center)

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20
Q

zone of division

A

root apical meristem divides to create primary meristematic tissue

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21
Q

zone of elongation

A

newly divided cells grow longitudinally

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22
Q

zone of maturation

A

root hairs form and help absorb water and minerals

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23
Q

quiescent center

A

area of the RAM that divide at an extremely low rate

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24
Q

root primary tissues:

A

epidermis
cortex
vascular cylinder
pericycle

25
Q

endodermis

A

inner layer of cortex; helps control mineral accumulation

26
Q

casparian strip

A

waxy material embedded in the transversal and radial walls of epidermal cells

27
Q

vascular cylinder

A

differentiates from procambium; consists of primary xylem, primary phloem, and pericycle

28
Q

in eudicots, vascular tissue is…

A

X shaped in the center

29
Q

in monocots, vascular tissue…

A

forms a ring around the central pith

30
Q

protoxylem

A

first xylem element to mature
capable of transporting water while elongating

31
Q

metaxylem

A

mature after cell elongation is completed
forms thick secondary walls for water and mineral transport

32
Q

phloem

A

form in area between protoxylem arms
first part of vascular system to become functional

33
Q

lateral root primordia

A

forms new cells

34
Q

secondary phloem forms inner bark, pushing pericycle outwards and…

A

remaining pericycle becomes cork cambium

35
Q

leaf blades increase…

A

surface area for photosynthesis

36
Q

true leaves arise from

A

leaf primordia

37
Q

guard cells

A

surround stomata and control opening size

38
Q

subsidiary cells

A

support guard cells

39
Q

trychomes

A

hairs that can secrete substances

40
Q

in relaxed state, guard cells…

A

lie parallel to each other

41
Q

when there’s no light…

A

stomata remain closed

42
Q

palisade cells

A

differentiated from ground meristem
main tissue for photosynthesis

43
Q

spongy cells

A

differentiated from ground meristem
allow diffusion of gasses from stomata

44
Q

veins consist of vascular bundles that…

A

form a network of xylem and phloem

45
Q

Hypogeous

A

Cotyledons underground

46
Q

Epigeous

A

Cotyledons breach above ground

47
Q

Main tissue systems

A

Ground tissue
Vascular tissue
Dermal tissue

48
Q

Types of simple tissues

A

Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma

49
Q

Parenchyma cells

A

Thin primary cell walls
Perform metabolic functions (photosynthesis, storage)
Only type of cell that can be reprogrammed to form other cell types

50
Q

Parenchyma tissue

A

Can aggregate to form tissues found in cortex and pith, mesophyll

51
Q

Collenchyma cells & tissue

A

Alive at maturity
Often containing chloroplast
Cell walls composed of pectin and cellulose; thicken at the corners
Support for young stems and leaves
Outermost cells of cortex

52
Q

Sclerenchyma cells & tissue

A

Dead at maturity
Made of fibers and sclerids

53
Q

Fiber cells

A

Long, narrow cells with thick, pitted walls tapered at the ends
Aggregate into continuous cylinder arounds stems or form strands

54
Q

Slerid cells

A

Can form sheets or be in small clusters

55
Q

Vascular system tissues

A

Composed of: vessel elements and tracheids, fibers, living parenchyma cells, sieve-tube members, companion cells

56
Q

Epidermis tissue

A

Single layer of cells covered in cutin
Epidermal tissue, guard cells, subsidiary cells
Trichomes

57
Q

Trichomes

A

Outgrowths of one or more cells

58
Q

Periderm tissues

A

Protective Loy ear that forms in older stems , and roots
Phellom, cork dead at maturity and phelloderm

BOT 3015 (3 decks)

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