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Biomechanics > Exam 1 - Part 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The study of forces and their effects

A

mechanics

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2
Q

branch of mechanics that deals with geometry of the motion of objects (including displacement, acceleration, and velocity)

A

Kinematics

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3
Q

study of relationships between the force system acting on the body and the changes it produces in body motion

A

kinetics

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4
Q

uses principles of mechanics for solving problems related to structure and function of biologic and physiologic systems

A

biomechanics

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5
Q

Examples of scalar quanitities

A

temperature, distance, speed and mass

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6
Q

examples of vector quantities

A

displacement, velocity, acceleration, momentum, force

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7
Q

how much ground an object has covered during its motion

A

distance

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8
Q

how far out of place an object is (overall change in position)

A

displacement

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9
Q

how fast an object is moving/rate at which an object covers distance

A

speed

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10
Q

rate at which an object changes its position (direction aware)

A

veloctiy

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11
Q

the rate at which an object changes its position

A

acceleration

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12
Q

what are two things the acceleration vector depends on?

A

whether the object is speeding up or slowing down and whether the object is moving in the positive or negative direction

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13
Q

quantity of mater composing an object

A

mass

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14
Q

mass in motion/quantity of motion an object posesses

A

momentum

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15
Q

what is the equation for momentum?

A

Momentum = Mass x Velocity ( p=mv)

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16
Q

action (Push/pull) upon a body causing it to deform or move - measured in N

A

force

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17
Q

what is the equation for Force

A

Force = Mass x Acceleration

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18
Q

force of gravity acting upon that object

A

Weight

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19
Q

_____ newtons of force are required for 1mm of posterior to anterior shear (adjustive force)

A

260N

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20
Q

What is Newtons 1st Law of Motion?

A

Law of Intertia ( **Capital I looks like a 1)

- an object at rest stays at rest and an object at motion stays at motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force

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21
Q

What is Newtons 2nd Law of Motion

A

Law of Force and Acceleration (**2 things/quantities = #2)
- the acceleration of an object depends directly upon the net force acting u[on the object, and inversely upon the mass of the object

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22
Q

What is Newtons 3rd Law of Motion

A

Law of Action and Reaction
- for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
(size of force on first object = size of force on second object)
(direction of force on first object is opposite to the direction of the force on the second object)

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23
Q

force that resists the sliding of two objects in contact

A

friction

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24
Q

intensity of force perpendicular to the surface on which it acts

A

normal stress

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25
Q

intensity of force parallel to the surface on which it acts

A

shear stress

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26
Q

exits when two contacting surfaces are not currently sliding relative to each other but do posses the potential for movement

A

static friction

27
Q

ratio required to initiate a sliding motion between two bodies (the difficulty of sliding any given surface over another because of their textures)

A

coefficient of Static Friction

28
Q

when two surfaces are already sliding relative to eachother

A

kinetic friction

29
Q

force required to maintain the sliding of an object

A

coefficient of kinetic friction

30
Q

which requires less force? Coefficient of static friction or kinetic friction

A

Kinetic

31
Q

Force that elongates or pulls things apart

A

Tensile Forces

32
Q

force that compacts an object

A

compressive force

33
Q

are tensile and compressive forces Normal forces?

A

Yes

34
Q

the magnitude of applied force acting over a given area

A

pressure

35
Q

What is the formula for pressure? what is it measured in?

A

P = force/area

Pascals

36
Q

______ is performed when an object is displaced by the application of a force

A

Work

37
Q

what is the equation for Work

A

W = Force x Distance

38
Q

the amount of mechanical work performed at a given interval

A

Power

39
Q

what is the equation for Power? What is it measured in?

A

Power = Work/Time

Watts

40
Q

energy that an object possesses due to motion

A

kinetic energy

41
Q

what has a large effect on kinetic energy? Why?

A

velocity, because it is squared in the equation

KE - 1/2mv^2

42
Q

the motion of one object with respect to a reference object

A

relative motion

43
Q

type of motion with a definite beginning and end

A

Discrete Motion

44
Q

Type of motion in which there are cycles of motion performed repeatedly with no well defined beginning or end points

A

Continuous Motion

45
Q

type of motion that appears continuous but at the end of a stroke the body is not in a position to make the next stroke

A

repeated discrete

46
Q

type of motion that appears to be somewhat continuous in nature but are really a combination of discrete motions

A

Serial

47
Q

movements are classified as gross or fine based on either the ____________ or the ____________

A

size of the muscle group responsible for the movement, or the precision of control necessary for the action

48
Q

____ movements result from major muscle group activity involving large muscles

A

Gross Movements

49
Q

______ movements are precise and controlled by small muscle groups of individual muscles

A

fine movements

50
Q

the path of motion around a fixed axis and therefore in a circular path

A

Angular Motion

51
Q

time rate of change of angular position of a rotating body

A

angular velocity

52
Q

time rate of change of angular velocity of a rotating body

A

angular acceleration

53
Q

the point about which a body rotates

A

axis of rotation

54
Q

perpendicular distance from an axis of rotation to a line along which a force acts

A

lever arm

55
Q

product of force and lever arm length (tendency of an eccentric force to rotate an object around an axis)

A

torque

56
Q

what should you do to the lever in order to achieve specificity

A

shorten it

57
Q

what should you do to a lever to require less force

A

lengthen it

58
Q

in this type of lever the fulcrum is between the effort and the load (teeter totter)

A

Type 1

59
Q

in this type of lever the load/resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort (Wheelbarrow)

A

Type 2

60
Q

in this type of lever the effort is between the fulcrum and the load (broom)

A

Type 3

61
Q

the ratio of the motive force (effort) to a given resistive force

A

mechanical advantage

62
Q

the point that represents the average location of a systems mass

A

center of mass

63
Q

the point at which the force of gravity seems to be concentrated

A

center of gravity

64
Q

where is the human body’s center of gravity

A

4cm in front of the first sacral vertebra in the standing anatomic position

Biomechanics (3 decks)

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