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Clinical Med III > Exam 1 - Nutrition > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary digestive enzyme of carbs?

A

Amylase

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2
Q

What is the primary digestive enzyme of protein?

A

Protease

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3
Q

What is the primary digestive enzyme of fat?

A

Lipase

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4
Q

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

A

A, D, E, K

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5
Q

What are manifestations related to Thiamine (B1) deficiency?

A
  • Beriberi (peripheral neuropathy, edema)

- Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (neurological sequeala)

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6
Q

What are manifestations related to Riboflavin (B2), Niacin (B3), and Pyridoxine (B6) deficiency?

A

Cheilitis, angular stomatitis, glossitis

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7
Q

What are manifestations related to Niacin (B3) deficiency?

A

Pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia)

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8
Q

What are manifestations related to Cyanocobalamin (B12) deficiency?

A

Macrocytic anemia, peripheral neuropathy

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9
Q

What are manifestations related to Vitamin D deficiency?

A

Rickets, osteomalacia

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10
Q

What are manifestations related to Vitamin A deficiency?

A

Night blindness

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11
Q

What are manifestations related to sodium deficiency?

A

Confusion, hypotension, tachycardia

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12
Q

Beriberi is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Thiamine (B1)

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13
Q

Cheilitis, angular stomatitis, and glossitis are manifestations of what nutrient deficiency?

A
  • Riboflavin (B2)
  • Niacin (B3)
  • Pyridoxine (B6)
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14
Q

Peripheral neuropathy and macrocytic anemia are manifestations of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Cyanocobalamin (B12)

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15
Q

Pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia) is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Niacin (B3)

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16
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Thiamine (B1)

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17
Q

Night blindness is a is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Vitamin A

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18
Q

Confusion, hypotension, and tachycardia are manifestations of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Sodium

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19
Q

Taste disturbance is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Zinc

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20
Q

Goiter is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Iodine

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21
Q

Fractures is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Calcium

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22
Q

Muscle cramping is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Potassium

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23
Q

Tetany is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Calcium

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24
Q

EKG with U-waves is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Potassium

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25
Pallor and pale conjunctiva are manifestations of what nutrient deficiency?
Iron
26
Bleeding gums is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?
Vitamin C and K
27
Pica is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?
Iron
28
Easy bruising and poor wound healing are manifestations of what nutrient deficiency?
Vitamin C and K
29
Koilonychia (spoon shaped nails) is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?
Iron
30
Petechiae/Purpura is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?
Vitamin C and K
31
Tooth decay is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?
Fluoride
32
What are manifestations associated with a zinc deficiency?
Taste disturbance
33
What are manifestations associated with a calcium deficiency?
Fractures, tetany
34
What are manifestations associated with a potassium deficiency?
Muscle cramping, fatigue, EKG with U-waves
35
What are manifestations associated with an iron deficiency?
Pallor, pale conjunctiva, pica, koilonychia
36
What are manifestations associated with a vitamin C and K deficiency?
Bleeding gums, easy bruising, poor healing wounds, petechiae/purpura
37
What are manifestations associated with a fluoride deficiency?
Tooth decay
38
What are manifestations associated with a sodium toxicity?
Edema
39
What are manifestations associated with a potassium toxicity?
Weakness, vomiting, EKG with peaked T waves
40
What are manifestations associated with a niacin toxicity?
Flushing
41
What are manifestations associated with a fluoride toxicity?
Tooth discoloration
42
What are manifestations associated with a copper toxicity?
Golden-brown discoloration of iris
43
Edema is a manifestation of what nutrient toxicity?
Sodium
44
Flushing is a manifestation of what nutrient toxicity?
Niacin
45
Tooth discoloration is a manifestation of what nutrient toxicity?
Fluoride
46
EKG with peaked T-waves is a manifestation of what nutrient toxicity?
Potassium
47
Vomiting and weakness is a manifestation of what nutrient toxicity?
Potassium
48
Golden-brown discoloration of the iris is a manifestation of what nutrient toxicity?
Copper
49
What nutrient is necessary during pregnancy?
Folic acid necessary to decrease the risk of neural tube defects
50
What additional supplementation should exclusively breastfed infants receive?
Vitamin D
51
What should be avoided for a healthy childhood?
Avoidance of sweetened foods and beverages
52
How much fiber should an individual intake per day?
About 25-35 grams
53
What are some concerns with a very low calorie diet (200-800 cal/day)?
Loss of lean muscle mass, electrolyte abnormalities, bile stasis, constipation
54
What is a concern with a vegan diet?
Concern of B12 deficiency
55
What disorder can increase the risk of thiamine deficiency?
Alcohol use disorder
56
Define underweight, normal, overweight, and obese BMIs.
- Underweight: < 18.5 - Normal: 18.5-24.9 - Overweight: 25.0-29.9 Obese: > 30
57
Which type of nutrition intervention/support is the preferred method in a patient who cannot meet their needs by mouth?
Enteral Nutrition (EN)
58
Define Enteral Nutrition (EN).
Nutrition delivered directly into GI tract bypassing oral cavity
59
Define Parenteral Nutrition (PN).
Nutrition delivered directly into the vein; appropriate for patients with non-functioning GI tract or when EN is contraindicated.
60
When would EN be contraindicated/not feasible, so PN would be the more appropriate choice for nutrition support?
Obstruction, Ileus, bowel resection, high output enterocutaneous fistula, ischemic bowel
61
Name access routes appropriate for a patient expected to need enteral nutrition for < 4-6 weeks.
NG, ND, NJ tubes
62
Name access routes appropriate for a patient expected to need enteral nutrition for > 4-6 weeks.
G-tube or J-tube
63
If using PN for nutritional support, what are the options if you are only needing short-term access for < 7 day and have adequate access?
Peripheral vein
64
If using EN for nutritional support, what are the options if you are needing long-term access for > 7 day?
TPN: Central venous catheter or PICC
65
What is the primary mode of nutrition support in a patient with non-functioning GI tract?
Parenteral nutrition
66
What is the primary mode of nutrition support in a patient with functioning GI tract?
Enteral Nutrition
67
What are common complications of nutrition support?
- Mechanical issues | - Metabolic/electrolyte abnormalities
68
What diets are recommended for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease?
Mediterranean and DASH diets
69
What diets are recommended for HTN?
DASH diet
70
What diets are recommended for CHF?
Low sodium diet, fluid restrict as necessary
71
What is the goal of nutrition therapy in diabetes?
Aimed at optimizing A1c, BP, Cholesterol (ABC)
72
What is important to note in regards to nutrition if a patient is on Coumadin?
Maintain Vitamin K consistency

Clinical Med III (12 decks)

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