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Clinical Med III > Exam 1 - Nutrition > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary digestive enzyme of carbs?

A

Amylase

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2
Q

What is the primary digestive enzyme of protein?

A

Protease

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3
Q

What is the primary digestive enzyme of fat?

A

Lipase

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4
Q

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

A

A, D, E, K

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5
Q

What are manifestations related to Thiamine (B1) deficiency?

A
  • Beriberi (peripheral neuropathy, edema)

- Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (neurological sequeala)

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6
Q

What are manifestations related to Riboflavin (B2), Niacin (B3), and Pyridoxine (B6) deficiency?

A

Cheilitis, angular stomatitis, glossitis

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7
Q

What are manifestations related to Niacin (B3) deficiency?

A

Pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia)

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8
Q

What are manifestations related to Cyanocobalamin (B12) deficiency?

A

Macrocytic anemia, peripheral neuropathy

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9
Q

What are manifestations related to Vitamin D deficiency?

A

Rickets, osteomalacia

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10
Q

What are manifestations related to Vitamin A deficiency?

A

Night blindness

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11
Q

What are manifestations related to sodium deficiency?

A

Confusion, hypotension, tachycardia

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12
Q

Beriberi is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Thiamine (B1)

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13
Q

Cheilitis, angular stomatitis, and glossitis are manifestations of what nutrient deficiency?

A
  • Riboflavin (B2)
  • Niacin (B3)
  • Pyridoxine (B6)
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14
Q

Peripheral neuropathy and macrocytic anemia are manifestations of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Cyanocobalamin (B12)

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15
Q

Pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia) is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Niacin (B3)

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16
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Thiamine (B1)

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17
Q

Night blindness is a is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Vitamin A

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18
Q

Confusion, hypotension, and tachycardia are manifestations of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Sodium

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19
Q

Taste disturbance is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Zinc

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20
Q

Goiter is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Iodine

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21
Q

Fractures is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Calcium

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22
Q

Muscle cramping is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Potassium

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23
Q

Tetany is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Calcium

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24
Q

EKG with U-waves is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Potassium

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25
Q

Pallor and pale conjunctiva are manifestations of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Iron

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26
Q

Bleeding gums is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Vitamin C and K

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27
Q

Pica is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Iron

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28
Q

Easy bruising and poor wound healing are manifestations of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Vitamin C and K

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29
Q

Koilonychia (spoon shaped nails) is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Iron

30
Q

Petechiae/Purpura is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Vitamin C and K

31
Q

Tooth decay is a manifestation of what nutrient deficiency?

A

Fluoride

32
Q

What are manifestations associated with a zinc deficiency?

A

Taste disturbance

33
Q

What are manifestations associated with a calcium deficiency?

A

Fractures, tetany

34
Q

What are manifestations associated with a potassium deficiency?

A

Muscle cramping, fatigue, EKG with U-waves

35
Q

What are manifestations associated with an iron deficiency?

A

Pallor, pale conjunctiva, pica, koilonychia

36
Q

What are manifestations associated with a vitamin C and K deficiency?

A

Bleeding gums, easy bruising, poor healing wounds, petechiae/purpura

37
Q

What are manifestations associated with a fluoride deficiency?

A

Tooth decay

38
Q

What are manifestations associated with a sodium toxicity?

A

Edema

39
Q

What are manifestations associated with a potassium toxicity?

A

Weakness, vomiting, EKG with peaked T waves

40
Q

What are manifestations associated with a niacin toxicity?

A

Flushing

41
Q

What are manifestations associated with a fluoride toxicity?

A

Tooth discoloration

42
Q

What are manifestations associated with a copper toxicity?

A

Golden-brown discoloration of iris

43
Q

Edema is a manifestation of what nutrient toxicity?

A

Sodium

44
Q

Flushing is a manifestation of what nutrient toxicity?

A

Niacin

45
Q

Tooth discoloration is a manifestation of what nutrient toxicity?

A

Fluoride

46
Q

EKG with peaked T-waves is a manifestation of what nutrient toxicity?

A

Potassium

47
Q

Vomiting and weakness is a manifestation of what nutrient toxicity?

A

Potassium

48
Q

Golden-brown discoloration of the iris is a manifestation of what nutrient toxicity?

A

Copper

49
Q

What nutrient is necessary during pregnancy?

A

Folic acid necessary to decrease the risk of neural tube defects

50
Q

What additional supplementation should exclusively breastfed infants receive?

A

Vitamin D

51
Q

What should be avoided for a healthy childhood?

A

Avoidance of sweetened foods and beverages

52
Q

How much fiber should an individual intake per day?

A

About 25-35 grams

53
Q

What are some concerns with a very low calorie diet (200-800 cal/day)?

A

Loss of lean muscle mass, electrolyte abnormalities, bile stasis, constipation

54
Q

What is a concern with a vegan diet?

A

Concern of B12 deficiency

55
Q

What disorder can increase the risk of thiamine deficiency?

A

Alcohol use disorder

56
Q

Define underweight, normal, overweight, and obese BMIs.

A
  • Underweight: < 18.5
  • Normal: 18.5-24.9
  • Overweight: 25.0-29.9
    Obese: > 30
57
Q

Which type of nutrition intervention/support is the preferred method in a patient who cannot meet their needs by mouth?

A

Enteral Nutrition (EN)

58
Q

Define Enteral Nutrition (EN).

A

Nutrition delivered directly into GI tract bypassing oral cavity

59
Q

Define Parenteral Nutrition (PN).

A

Nutrition delivered directly into the vein; appropriate for patients with non-functioning GI tract or when EN is contraindicated.

60
Q

When would EN be contraindicated/not feasible, so PN would be the more appropriate choice for nutrition support?

A

Obstruction, Ileus, bowel resection, high output enterocutaneous fistula, ischemic bowel

61
Q

Name access routes appropriate for a patient expected to need enteral nutrition for < 4-6 weeks.

A

NG, ND, NJ tubes

62
Q

Name access routes appropriate for a patient expected to need enteral nutrition for > 4-6 weeks.

A

G-tube or J-tube

63
Q

If using PN for nutritional support, what are the options if you are only needing short-term access for < 7 day and have adequate access?

A

Peripheral vein

64
Q

If using EN for nutritional support, what are the options if you are needing long-term access for > 7 day?

A

TPN: Central venous catheter or PICC

65
Q

What is the primary mode of nutrition support in a patient with non-functioning GI tract?

A

Parenteral nutrition

66
Q

What is the primary mode of nutrition support in a patient with functioning GI tract?

A

Enteral Nutrition

67
Q

What are common complications of nutrition support?

A
  • Mechanical issues

- Metabolic/electrolyte abnormalities

68
Q

What diets are recommended for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease?

A

Mediterranean and DASH diets

69
Q

What diets are recommended for HTN?

A

DASH diet

70
Q

What diets are recommended for CHF?

A

Low sodium diet, fluid restrict as necessary

71
Q

What is the goal of nutrition therapy in diabetes?

A

Aimed at optimizing A1c, BP, Cholesterol (ABC)

72
Q

What is important to note in regards to nutrition if a patient is on Coumadin?

A

Maintain Vitamin K consistency

Clinical Med III (12 decks)

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