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Clinical Med III > Exam 1 - GI Diagnostics > Flashcards

Exam 1 - GI Diagnostics Flashcards

1
Q

What is often the initial test to evaluate for abdominal problems?

A

Supine abdominal x-ray

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2
Q

What does a supine abdominal x-ray assess for?

A

Dilated bowel

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3
Q

What does an upright abdominal x-ray assess for?

A

Air-fluid levels (obstruction)

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4
Q

What does a PA chest x-ray typically assess for in regards to abdominal pathology?

A

Perforation

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5
Q

What can be seen on an abdominal x-ray which may cause suspicion for a small bowel obstruction?

A
  • Dilated bowel proximal to obstruction with collapsed bowel distally
  • Air fluid levels
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6
Q

What can be seen on an abdominal x-ray which may cause suspicion for an ileus?

A
  • Dilated bowel BUT air present in both small bowel and colon
  • NO air fluid levels
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7
Q

What can be seen on an abdominal x-ray which may cause suspicion for a perforation?

A

Free air outside the bowel

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8
Q

What is the initial diagnosed test of choice in a patient with suspected cholelithiasis?

A

RUQ/Gallbladder Ultrasound

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9
Q

What is the test of choice for evaluating nephrolithiasis?

A

CT abdomen/pelvis without contrast

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10
Q

When assessing the gallbladder for pathology, is CT or US preferred?

A

US

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11
Q

When assessing for pancreatitis, is CT or US preferred?

A

CT

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12
Q

What is the purpose of a HIDA scan?

A

Assess bile excreting function of liver and gallbladder

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13
Q

What is indicative of an abnormal HIDA scan?

A

If gallbladder does not visualize due to cystic duct obstruction (no radionuclide seen in gallbladder)

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14
Q

What are barium studies used for?

A
  • Helpful in assessing for luminal GI tract disorders

- Evaluates for anatomic and functional abnormalities

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15
Q

What is the purpose of a esophagram/barium swallow study?

A

Visualizes esophagus and gastroesophageal junction into proximal stomach

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16
Q

What is the purpose of a UGI series?

A

Visualizes esophagus, stomach, and first part of the duodenum

17
Q

What is a major contraindication to obtaining a UGI series?

A

Suspected upper GI perforation as barium is contraindicated

***must use water-soluble Gastrografin

18
Q

What is the purpose of a SBFT (Small Bowel Follow Through)?

A
  • Visualizes esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

- Evaluation of Crohn Disease, small bowel tumors

19
Q

What are some indications to obtain a barium enema?

A

Change in bowel habits, constipation, diarrhea, assess for polyps/tumors

20
Q

What is the purpose of an EGD?

A

Direct optical visualization of the upper GI tract (esophagus, stomach, and first part of duodenum)

21
Q

In what populations should you use caution with an EGD?

A

Patients with cardiopulmonary disease

22
Q

What are some indications to obtain an EGD?

A
  • Alarm symptoms (dysphagia, weight loss, early satiety)
  • Dyspepsia
  • Chronic GERD
  • Foreign body/food bolus
  • Suspected esophageal varices
  • Hematemesis or melena
  • Iron deficiency anemia
23
Q

What are some contraindications to obtaining an EGD?

A
  • Esophageal diverticula
  • Suspected perforation
  • Recent upper GI tract surgery
24
Q

What is the purpose of an ERCP?

A

Visualization of bile and pancreatic ducts

25
Q

What can be ordered prior to performing an ERCP as it is non-invasive?

A

MRCP

26
Q

What is a major complication of ERCP?

A

Pancreatitis

27
Q

What is the purpose of a colonoscopy?

A

Direct visualization of the rectum, colon, and terminal ileum

28
Q

What is the purpose of a sigmoidoscopy?

A

Visualization limited to rectum and sigmoid colon

29
Q

What is the gold standard study for colon cancer screening?

A

Colonoscopy

30
Q

What is a major contraindication of a colonoscopy?

A

Active diverticulitis

31
Q

Patient presents with severe abdominal pain and constipation. Abdominal x-ray reveals dilated bowel with air fluid levels. What do you suspect?

A

Small bowel obstruction

32
Q

Patient presents to the ER with abdominal pain. Abdominal x-ray reveals dilated bowel with air present in both the small bowel and colon. There is no air fluid levels. What do you suspect?

A

Ileus

33
Q

Patient presents to the ER with severe abdominal pain. Abdominal x-ray reveals free air outside the bowel and bilaterally under the diaphragm. What do you suspect?

A

Bowel perforation

Clinical Med III (12 decks)

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