Exam 1: Multiple Sclerosis Flashcards
Why MS?
demylination and inflammation
scar tissue -sclerosis
demyelination
high capacitance
low membrane resistance
bad for travel
Take longer to charge, less voltage change
When do symptoms being?
How many people?
20-40
300,000/yr in US
Who is effected?
Women
more Caucasians
30% in monozygotic twins
3% in siblings
What 3 tests screen for MS?
1) MRI - abnormal soft tissue
2) neurological tests- motor and visual
3) elevated IgG antibody levels in CSF by spinal tap test
Signs and symptoms of MS determined by
location of affect region
most MS patients experience
relapse/remitting MS
85% have RR-MS with 1-2 major relapses per year, stable during remission, but relapses more severe
Symptoms of MS
monocular blindness- due to lesion of optic nerve
motor weakness/paralysis- lesions of corticospinal tract
abnormal somatic sensations- due to lesions of somatic sensory pathways
double vision- lesions of medial longitudinal fasciculus
dizziness- lesion of vestibular pathways
Within 10 yrs of disease, 50% patients enter
SP-MS
progressive advance without remission
10% patients have primary progressive (PP-MS)
gradual progression of disease from onset with remission periods
What is (small number patients) PR-MS
starts as primary progressive but begin to experience relapses later in life
4 hypothesis of MS
1) autoimmune attack (T and B cells don’t know self from enemy)
2) infection from viruses, progressive degeneration myelin (HHv-6)
3) genetic factors- family increase 30-50x
4) glutamate hypothesis- excessive release glutamate by neurons causes excitotoxic damage
MS: which came first?
CNS injury because of autoimmune response
OR
insults to CNS = autoimmune response
MS autoimmune impairment
increase activity of over active T-Cells
less inhibitory cytokines
MS: 6 treatments
1) immunosuppressants
2) antivirus treatment
3) anti-inflammation
4) glutamate receptor antagonists
5) plasma exchange
6) physical therapy
