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Abnormal Psychology > exam 1: mod. 1-3 > Flashcards

exam 1: mod. 1-3 Flashcards

for the first exam! make sure i can discuss the ones marked for discussion

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1
Q

-violating societal norms
- maladaptive
-rare given cultural or environmental context
-causes distress in daily life
**discuss

A

Abnormal Behavior

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2
Q

The societal judgment of a person or group of people because they do not fit the community’s “norms.”
**discuss

A

Stigma

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3
Q

The internalization and eventual belief that negative views about oneself from outside sources are true.

A

Self-Stigma

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4
Q

Referring to people as “individuals with mental illness” rather than “mentally ill individuals.” Focus on emphasizing the subject’s humanity.

A

Person-Centered Speech

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5
Q

Doctrine or belief that an evil being or spirit can dwell within a person and control his mind or body.

A

Demonology

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6
Q

The ritual of casting out evil spirits (from a person).

A

Exorcism

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7
Q

The earliest proponent of the biological paradigm. Believed illness had a natural cause and that bodily fluids (bile, blood, and phlegm) were the cause of mental or emotional disturbances.

A

Hippocrates

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8
Q

Establishment for the confinement and care of the mentally ill. Treatment was often non-existent or harmful.

A

Asylum

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9
Q

One of the first mental institutions. The wealthy would pay to ‘peer’ at the ‘insane’ for entertainment. Origin of the word bedlam.’

A

St. Mary of Bethlehem’s Hospital

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10
Q

Pioneer of humanitarian treatment. Fundamental in the development of a higher standard of care among psychological patients.

A

Philippe Pinel

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11
Q

Treatment conducted in a calming environment that involved patients engaging in relaxing, purposeful activities.

A

Moral Treatment

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12
Q

Crusader for prisoners and the mentally ill. Worked to reform and improve existing institutions while opening 32 public hospitals.

A

Dorothea Dix

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13
Q

Practice of forceful sterilization with the goal of removing ‘undesirable’ characteristics from the population

A

Eugenics

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14
Q

Personality tests not influenced by the examiner’s beliefs. Ex: self-reporting.

A

Objective Personality Tests

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15
Q

Personality tests influenced by the examiner’s beliefs. Ex: Rorschach Test

A

Projective Personality Tests

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16
Q

Tendency to endorse vague generalizations. Ex: believing in horoscopes.

A

Forer Effect

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17
Q

A significant limitation in an individual’s cognitive functioning and daily adaptive behaviors.
Ex: limited language, impaired speech, difficulty performing academically

A

Intellectual Disability

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18
Q

Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Standard classification manual in the United States.

A

DSM

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19
Q

Avoiding the occurrence of a disorder or disease altogether. Ex: population-based health promotions.

A

Primary Prevention

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20
Q

Diagnosing and treating a disorder in its early stages; before significant distress is caused. Ex: rape crisis counseling

A

Secondary Prevention

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21
Q

Reducing the negative impact of existing disorders or diseases by reducing complications and restoring lost function. Ex: AA

A

Tertiary Prevention

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22
Q

The extent to which variability in a particular behavior in a population can be accounted for by genetic factors.

A

Heritability

23
Q

The study of how the environment can alter gene expression or function

A

Epigenetics

24
Q

Integrative model that incorporates multiple casual factors in order to identify underlying predisposition and environmental events.

A

Diathesis-Stress Paradigm

25
Q

The study of the distribution of disorders in a population

A

Epidemiology

26
Q

The proportion of the population that has the disorder at a given point in time.

A

Prevalence

27
Q

Proportion of the sample that has ever experienced the disorder, up to the time of the interview

A

Lifetime Prevalence

28
Q

of new cases of the disorder within a given time period, typically a year.

A

Incidence

29
Q

Conditions or variables that increase the likelihood of developing the disorder.

A

Risk Factors

30
Q

The study of the effects psychotropic substances have on mood, sensation, thinking, and behavior.

A

Psychopharmacology

31
Q

The medical application of psychotropic substances.

A

Psychopharmacotherapy

32
Q

Medications used to treat schizophrenia, mania, or delusion disorders. Ex: chlorpromazine, and haloperidol

A

Antipsychotics

33
Q

Medications used to treat major and bipolar depression, panic attacks, phobias, and OCD. Ex: Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil

A

Antidepressants

34
Q

Medications used to treat bipolar disorder. Ex: Lithium

A

Anti-Cycling Agents

35
Q

Medications used to calm and alleviate anxiety. Includes antianxiety agents, hypnotics, etc.

A

Hypoanxiolytics

36
Q

Method used to treat major depression, mania, schizophrenia, and catatonia when medications and therapies have been exhausted.

A

ECT

37
Q

Treatment in which brain tissue is destroyed with the aim of alleviating the symptoms of a psychological disorder.

A

Psychosurgery

38
Q

Surgical procedure that severs the supracallosal fibers of the cingulum bundle. Used to treat OCD and depression

A

Cingulotomy

39
Q

Surgical procedure to sever the fibers connecting the orbitofrontal cortex to the hypothalamus. Used for depression and OCD

A

Subcaudate Tractotomy

40
Q

Surgical procedure in which the corpus callosum is severed.

A

Corpus Callostomy

41
Q

Procedure in which a pacemaker-like device in implanted into the brain in order to send electrical impulses.

A

DBS (Deep-Brain Stimulation)

42
Q

Therapy that is focused on unconscious conflicts and how they present themselves. Especially interested in early childhood experiences. Typically uses free association.
PPL: Freud, Klein, Adler, Jung, Erikson

A

Psychodynamic Therapy

43
Q

Therapy and treatment based on the idea that abnormal behavior is learned and can be unlearned. Applies operant and classical conditioning, as well as observational learning.
PPL: Pavlov, B.F. Skinner

A

Behavioral Therapy

44
Q

Therapeutic approach that addresses dysfunctional emotions, maladaptive behaviors, and cognitive processes through goal-oriented procedures.
PPL: Watson, Hull, Pavlov

A

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

45
Q

Therapeutic approach that holds the idea that people are inherently good. It encourages the view of ourselves as a “whole person” greater than the sum of our parts.
PPL: Maslow, Rogers

A

Humanistic Therapy

46
Q

Therapeutic approach in which one or more therapists treat a small group of clients together at the same time.
PPL: Pratt, Burrow, and Schilder

A

Group Therapy

47
Q

Mood disorder characterized by a pervasive and persistent low mood that is accompanied by low self-esteem and by a loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.

A

Major Depressive Disorder

48
Q

Disorder in which an individual is chronically sad and melancholy but does not meet the criteria for MDD.

A

Pervasive Depressive Disorder (PDD)

49
Q

Disorder that presents as a severe from of PMS, following a predictable, cyclical pattern.

A

Premenstrual Dysphoria Disorder (PMDD)

50
Q

Distinct period of an elevated or irritable mood that can take the form of euphoria

A

Manic Episode

51
Q

Disorder characterized by the occurrence of one or more manic or mixed episode that lasts at least a week.

A

Bipolar I

52
Q

Disorder characterized by the occurrence of one or more hypomanic episodes and one or more major depressive episodes.

A

Bipolar II

53
Q

Disorder characterized by the occurrence of hypomanic episodes with periods of milder depression (dysthymia) for 2 years.

A

Cyclothymic Disorder

Abnormal Psychology (2 decks)

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