exam 1: mod. 1-3

Question 1

-violating societal norms
- maladaptive
-rare given cultural or environmental context
-causes distress in daily life
**discuss

Answer 1

Abnormal Behavior

Question 2

The societal judgment of a person or group of people because they do not fit the community’s “norms.”
**discuss

Answer 2

Stigma

Question 3

The internalization and eventual belief that negative views about oneself from outside sources are true.

Answer 3

Self-Stigma

Question 4

Referring to people as “individuals with mental illness” rather than “mentally ill individuals.” Focus on emphasizing the subject’s humanity.

Answer 4

Person-Centered Speech

Question 5

Doctrine or belief that an evil being or spirit can dwell within a person and control his mind or body.

Answer 5

Demonology

Question 6

The ritual of casting out evil spirits (from a person).

Answer 6

Exorcism

Question 7

The earliest proponent of the biological paradigm. Believed illness had a natural cause and that bodily fluids (bile, blood, and phlegm) were the cause of mental or emotional disturbances.

Answer 7

Hippocrates

Question 8

Establishment for the confinement and care of the mentally ill. Treatment was often non-existent or harmful.

Answer 8

Asylum

Question 9

One of the first mental institutions. The wealthy would pay to ‘peer’ at the ‘insane’ for entertainment. Origin of the word bedlam.’

Answer 9

St. Mary of Bethlehem’s Hospital

Question 10

Pioneer of humanitarian treatment. Fundamental in the development of a higher standard of care among psychological patients.

Answer 10

Philippe Pinel

Question 11

Treatment conducted in a calming environment that involved patients engaging in relaxing, purposeful activities.

Answer 11

Moral Treatment

Question 12

Crusader for prisoners and the mentally ill. Worked to reform and improve existing institutions while opening 32 public hospitals.

Answer 12

Dorothea Dix

Question 13

Practice of forceful sterilization with the goal of removing ‘undesirable’ characteristics from the population

Answer 13

Eugenics

Question 14

Personality tests not influenced by the examiner’s beliefs. Ex: self-reporting.

Answer 14

Objective Personality Tests

Question 15

Personality tests influenced by the examiner’s beliefs. Ex: Rorschach Test

Answer 15

Projective Personality Tests

Question 16

Tendency to endorse vague generalizations. Ex: believing in horoscopes.

Answer 16

Forer Effect

Question 17

A significant limitation in an individual’s cognitive functioning and daily adaptive behaviors.
Ex: limited language, impaired speech, difficulty performing academically

Answer 17

Intellectual Disability

Question 18

Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Standard classification manual in the United States.

Answer 18

DSM

Question 19

Avoiding the occurrence of a disorder or disease altogether. Ex: population-based health promotions.

Answer 19

Primary Prevention

Question 20

Diagnosing and treating a disorder in its early stages; before significant distress is caused. Ex: rape crisis counseling

Answer 20

Secondary Prevention

Question 21

Reducing the negative impact of existing disorders or diseases by reducing complications and restoring lost function. Ex: AA

Answer 21

Tertiary Prevention

Question 22

The extent to which variability in a particular behavior in a population can be accounted for by genetic factors.

Answer 22

Heritability

Question 23

The study of how the environment can alter gene expression or function

Answer 23

Epigenetics

Question 24

Integrative model that incorporates multiple casual factors in order to identify underlying predisposition and environmental events.

Answer 24

Diathesis-Stress Paradigm

Question 25

The study of the distribution of disorders in a population

Answer 25

Epidemiology

Question 26

The proportion of the population that has the disorder at a given point in time.

Answer 26

Prevalence

Question 27

Proportion of the sample that has ever experienced the disorder, up to the time of the interview

Answer 27

Lifetime Prevalence

Question 28

of new cases of the disorder within a given time period, typically a year.

Answer 28

Incidence

Question 29

Conditions or variables that increase the likelihood of developing the disorder.

Answer 29

Risk Factors

Question 30

The study of the effects psychotropic substances have on mood, sensation, thinking, and behavior.

Answer 30

Psychopharmacology

Question 31

The medical application of psychotropic substances.

Answer 31

Psychopharmacotherapy

Question 32

Medications used to treat schizophrenia, mania, or delusion disorders. Ex: chlorpromazine, and haloperidol

Answer 32

Antipsychotics

Question 33

Medications used to treat major and bipolar depression, panic attacks, phobias, and OCD. Ex: Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil

Answer 33

Antidepressants

Question 34

Medications used to treat bipolar disorder. Ex: Lithium

Answer 34

Anti-Cycling Agents

Question 35

Medications used to calm and alleviate anxiety. Includes antianxiety agents, hypnotics, etc.

Answer 35

Hypoanxiolytics

Question 36

Method used to treat major depression, mania, schizophrenia, and catatonia when medications and therapies have been exhausted.

Answer 36

ECT

Question 37

Treatment in which brain tissue is destroyed with the aim of alleviating the symptoms of a psychological disorder.

Answer 37

Psychosurgery

Question 38

Surgical procedure that severs the supracallosal fibers of the cingulum bundle. Used to treat OCD and depression

Answer 38

Cingulotomy

Question 39

Surgical procedure to sever the fibers connecting the orbitofrontal cortex to the hypothalamus. Used for depression and OCD

Answer 39

Subcaudate Tractotomy

Question 40

Surgical procedure in which the corpus callosum is severed.

Answer 40

Corpus Callostomy

Question 41

Procedure in which a pacemaker-like device in implanted into the brain in order to send electrical impulses.

Answer 41

DBS (Deep-Brain Stimulation)

Question 42

Therapy that is focused on unconscious conflicts and how they present themselves. Especially interested in early childhood experiences. Typically uses free association. PPL: Freud, Klein, Adler, Jung, Erikson

Answer 42

Psychodynamic Therapy

Question 43

Therapy and treatment based on the idea that abnormal behavior is learned and can be unlearned. Applies operant and classical conditioning, as well as observational learning. PPL: Pavlov, B.F. Skinner

Answer 43

Behavioral Therapy

Question 44

Therapeutic approach that addresses dysfunctional emotions, maladaptive behaviors, and cognitive processes through goal-oriented procedures. PPL: Watson, Hull, Pavlov

Answer 44

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Question 45

Therapeutic approach that holds the idea that people are inherently good. It encourages the view of ourselves as a "whole person" greater than the sum of our parts. PPL: Maslow, Rogers

Answer 45

Humanistic Therapy

Question 46

Therapeutic approach in which one or more therapists treat a small group of clients together at the same time. PPL: Pratt, Burrow, and Schilder

Answer 46

Group Therapy

Question 47

Mood disorder characterized by a pervasive and persistent low mood that is accompanied by low self-esteem and by a loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.

Answer 47

Major Depressive Disorder

Question 48

Disorder in which an individual is chronically sad and melancholy but does not meet the criteria for MDD.

Answer 48

Pervasive Depressive Disorder (PDD)

Question 49

Disorder that presents as a severe from of PMS, following a predictable, cyclical pattern.

Answer 49

Premenstrual Dysphoria Disorder (PMDD)

Question 50

Distinct period of an elevated or irritable mood that can take the form of euphoria

Answer 50

Manic Episode

Question 51

Disorder characterized by the occurrence of one or more manic or mixed episode that lasts at least a week.

Answer 51

Bipolar I

Question 52

Disorder characterized by the occurrence of one or more hypomanic episodes and one or more major depressive episodes.

Answer 52

Bipolar II

Question 53

Disorder characterized by the occurrence of hypomanic episodes with periods of milder depression (dysthymia) for 2 years.

Answer 53

Cyclothymic Disorder