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MNT II > Exam 1: MNT for thyroid and related disorders > Flashcards

Exam 1: MNT for thyroid and related disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What does the thyroid regulate?

A
  • Fat and CHO metabolism
  • Body temp
  • Heart rate
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2
Q

Most common endocrine disease

A

Diabetes

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3
Q

The thyroid gland

A
  • small, butterfly shaped gland found just below the adam’s apple
  • responds to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary
  • Produces 2 main hormones (t4 and t3)
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4
Q

Thyroid releasing hormone (TRH)

A
  • Produced by the hypothalamus

- Stimulates pituitary to produce TSH

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5
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

A
  • Produced by the pituitary

- Stimulates thyroid to produce thyroid hormone

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6
Q

What happens when low levels of thyroid hormone are sensed by the hypothalamus?

A

Releases TRH to stimulate pituitary –> pituitary makes more TSH to stimulate the thyroid –> thyroid produces T3 and T4

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7
Q

Hypothyroidism symptoms

A
  • Low energy
  • Cold hands/feet
  • Hypercholesterolemia
  • Muscle pain
  • Cognitive deficits
  • Depression
  • Constipation
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8
Q

Schmidt’s Syndrome

A

Hypothyroidism associated w/ other endocrine disorders (such as diabetes or Addison’s disease)

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9
Q

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

A
  • Causes most cases of hypothyroidism
  • immune system attacks thyroid –> becomes enlarged and nonfunctional (chronic inflammation, no production of T3/T4)
  • Diagnosed by TPO Ab test
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10
Q

Thyroid Peroxidase

A

-Enzyme responsible for production of thyroid hormones

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11
Q

Thyroid globulin antibodies

A

immune cells that indicate the immune system is attacking thyroid gland

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12
Q

Low thyroid function is often secondary to ____________.

A

Adrenal fatigue

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13
Q

Chronic Adrenal Stress

A
  • affects communication btwn brain and glands that secrete hormones
  • increases thyroid binding protein activity
  • decreased conversion of t4 –> t3 (due to lack of communication)
  • Interferes w/ detoxification pathways (unnecessary thyroid hormones leave body)
  • cells lose sensitivity to thyroid hormones
  • weakens immune barriers of digestive tract, lungs and brain
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14
Q

Adrenal fatigue is caused by

A

decreased ability of the adrenal glands to respond to stress

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15
Q

Iodine’s role in Thyroid health

A
  • plays major role in synthesis of thyroid hormone

- most common cause of hypothyroidism = deficiency –> goiter –> enlarged thyroid

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16
Q

Which 2 nutrients improve the conversion of T4 –> T3?

A

Iodine and selenium

17
Q

Which is the more active form of thyroid hormone?

A

T3

18
Q

Iron’s role in Thyroid health

A
  • Deficiency may cause decreased thyroid function

- TPO needs heme to help create thyroid hormones

19
Q

Carbs and calories in Thyroid health

A

-Restriction may reduce thyroid activity and decrease metabolism

20
Q

Goitrogens

A

compounds that interfere w/ thyroid hormone synthesis due to inhibiting TPO

21
Q

Goitrogens are only a problem when deficient in which nutrient?

A

Iodine

22
Q

Where are goitrogens found?

A

Cruciferous veggies, cauliflower, mustard seed, cassava

23
Q

Isoflavones

A
  • From soybeans

- Can also inhibit TPO

24
Q

Most common cause of hyperthyroidism

A

Grave’s disease (autoimmune disorder)

25
Q

Symptoms of Grave’s disease

A

Puffy and bulging eyes, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, goiter

Too much T3 and T4 –> metabolic imbalance

26
Q

Medical management of Grave’s diease

A
  • antithyroid meds to inhibit thyroid from producing hormones
  • Radioactive iodine to kill thyroid cells
  • Surgery to remove thyroid
27
Q

Why is it good to eliminate gluten when diagnosed with hyperthyroidism?

A

Limits an antigen that produces antibodies that cross react with the thyroid gland

28
Q

Why is processed soy an issue with thyroid health?

A

When iodine is limited, soy can have goitrogenic properties

29
Q

Why is it important to limit consumption of simple carbs when diagnosed with hyperthyroidism?

A

-Simple carbs may reduce thyroid hormone activity and lead to insulin resistance

30
Q

PCOS

A
  • associated w/ enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts
  • reproductive issues, menstrual irregularities
  • increased risk of developing T2DM and metabolic syndrome
31
Q

PCOS symptoms

A
  • acne, escessive or abnormal hair distribution, obesity, sleep apnea
  • increase in testosterone –> increased insulin –> promotes abdominal weight gain, difficulty losing weight, food cravings, hypoglycemic events
32
Q

MNT for PCOS

A
  • Weight management (1-2 lb/week)
  • restrict refined CHOs
  • increase fiber intake
  • assess benefit of high vs low CHO diet
  • consider vitamin D and chromium, iodine and selenium supps
33
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome

A
  • Too much cortisol
  • exogenous form due to steroids or similar medications
  • Symptoms: weight gain, depression, bruising, muscle loss
  • Treatment = weight management
34
Q

Addison’s Disease

A
  • Primary adrenal insufficiency
  • Symptoms: fatigue, low BP, anorexia, nausea, darkening of the face and skin
  • Excess perspiration requires salt repletion

MNT II (6 decks)

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