EXAM 1 ( MIXED TOPICS ) Flashcards by SIRIKIT MAC

The term “Cry” is translated from the Spanish _________ means ‘cry for rebellion’.

el grito de rebellion

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It is marked as the beginning of Philippine revolution or seeking of independence of filipinos from Spanish colonial rule with the use of violence in arms.

‘Cry of the Revolution

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KKK MEANS?

Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan

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KKK’s Primary Goal?

to gain independence from Spain through revolution

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Katipunan was a secret organization until it was discovered in

August 19, 1896

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NHCP Means?

National Historical Commission of the Philippines

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According to NHCP First Cry of the Philippine Revolution of 1896 happened on _________

August 23, 1896 at Pugad Lawin, now part of Project 8 in Quezon City.

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3 ACCOUNTS OF THE FIRST CRY

-Dr. Pio Valenzuela’s Account
-Santiago Alvarez’s Account
-Gui lermo Masangkay’s Account

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➤ A Filipino physician and revolutionary leader
➤ At the age of 23 he joined the Katipunan and become one of the officials.
➤ Friend of andres bonifacio.
➤ He was also present during the meeting before the actual first cry happen.

Dr. Pio Valenzuela

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The only eyewitness who accounted that the cry happened in Pugad Lawin.

Dr. Pio Valenzuela

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The first place of refuge of Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto,Procopio Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Aguedo del Rosario and myself was in

Balinwatak

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The first place where some 500 members of the Katipunan met on August 22, 1896, was the

house and yard of Apolonio Samsom at Kangkong.

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Wel known katipunero also known as “Kidlat ng Apoy”

Santiago Alvarez

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➤ A delegado general of the provincial council of the Katipunan in Cavite.
➤ Became the captain general and later commander in chief of the Magdiwang Forces and valiantly fought the spaniards form 1896-1897 A relative of gregoria de jesus, the wife of andres bonifacio.

Santiago Alvarez

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➤A friend and advisor of Andres Bonifacio
➤he was one of the first members of the katipunan which has designated to build KKK in Cavite
➤he played a key role in the Filipino- American War as a revolutionary general
➤ First version: august 26, 1896 (sunday tribune, first decade of american occupation)
➤second version: august 23, 1896 (“Bagong Buhay”)
➤Changed back on Ausust 26, 1896 by his grand daughter Soledad Buehler- Borromeo

Guilermo Masangkay

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Why NHCP Considered Dr. Pio Valenzuela’s Account More Accurate?

➤Dr. Valenzuela was a direct participant and Katipunan leader
➤He gave testimony under oath during Spanish interrogation
➤His account was consistent with other historical records
➤As an educated doctor, his observations were considered more credible
➤He specifically identified August 23, 1896 as the date of the gathering in Balintawak where Bonifacio and others tore their cedulas

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[ Tejeros controversy ]
Timeline
The Tejeros Convention

March 22, 1897

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[ Tejeros controversy ]
Timeline
Acta de Tejeros

March 23, 1897

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[ Tejeros controversy ]
Timeline
Naik Military Agreement

April 18, 1897

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[ Tejeros controversy ]
Timeline
Apuntes Históricos

1904

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[ Tejeros controversy ]
Timeline
The Katipunan and the Revolution

July 24, 1927

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The Two Main Katipunan Factions

Magdiwang Faction
Magdalo Faction

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The Tejeros Convention, was a meeting held on March 22, 1897, in

San francisco de malabon (now General Trias), Cavite

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Tejeros Convention, President?

Emilio Aguinaldo (Magdalo faction)

Vice-President:

Mariano Trías (Magdiwang faction)

Captain-General: Director of War:

Artemio Ricarte Emiliano Riego de Dios

Director of the Interior:

Andrés Bonifacio

Who Questioned Andres Bonifacio's Qualifications for the position of Director of the Interior?

Daniel Tirona

3 Aftermath and impact on TEJERO'S CONVENTION?

1.) Bonifacio's Reaction 2.) Aguinaldo's Reaction 3.) Effects on the Revolution

[ Introduction to the accounts ] An eyewitness who wrote about the event.

➤ Artemio Ricarte

[ Introduction to the accounts ] Affected party; his side of the story.

➤ Andres Bonifacio

[ Introduction to the accounts ] Magdiwang member; his perspective.

➤ Santiago Alvarez

➤ Filipino General & Revolutionary Leader – Key figure in the Philippine Revolution and Philippine-American War. ➤Katipunan Member, Magdiwang Faction – Aligned with the Magdiwang in Cavite. – Elected Captain General of the new revolutionary government. ➤Opposed Election Results – Believed the process was flawed and unfair, especially regarding Bonifacio’s disqualification as Minister of the Interior. ➤Refused Position & Criticized Election – Rejected the role in protest and later wrote about the controversy and internal conflicts in his memoirs.

Artemio Ricarte 1866-1945

➤ Founder & Supremo of the Katipunan – Led the Philippine Revolution against Spain. ➤ Tejeros Convention (March 22, 1897) – Aimed to unite revolutionaries but led to division and a contested election. ➤ Emilio Aguinaldo Elected President – Bonifacio believed the process was fraudulent and unjust. ➤ Authored Two Key Documents:

Andres Bonifacio 1863-1897

Key themes in Bonifacios account

➤Betrayal and Injustice ➤Legitimacy and Leadership ➤Unity vs. Division ➤Personal Honor and Class Conflict

Andres Bonifacio Authored 2 Key documents which are?

Acta de Tejeros (March 23, 1897) – Protested election results. Naik Military Agreement (April 1897) – Attempted to reassert his authority.

➤Revolutionary General & Founder – First honorary president of the Nacionalista Party. ➤Born in Imus, Cavite – Key figure in the Philippine Revolution. ➤Nickname: "Kidlat ng Apoy" (Lightning of Fire) – Known for bravery and dedication. ➤Hero of the Battle of Dalahican – Led and fought valiantly in Cavite.

Santiago Álvarez 1872-1930

[ Montero’s Account of Cavite Mutiny ] Spanish historian_____________ centered on how the Spanish historian Jose Montero y Vidal centered on how the event was an event was an attempt in overthrowing the Spanish attempt in overthrowing the Spanish government in the Philippines.

Jose Montero y Vidal

is a Spanish writer and politician. During Spanish writer. During the Cavite Mutiny, he was a government official in Manila.

Montero

He represents and speaks for the Spanish Community.

Montero

implicated the native clergy, who were then, active in the movement toward secularization of parishes According to him, the insurrection was motivated and prepared by the native clergy, mestizos, native lawyers, and abogadillos.

Governor General Rafael Izquierdo

was a Spanish military officer, politician, and statesman. He was the Governor-General when the Cavite Mutiny took place. He was responsible for the abolition of the privileges of the workers in the arsenal cavite

Governor General Rafael Izquierdo

According to _________ the incident arised from the dissatisfaction arising from the draconian policies of Izquierdo.

Pardo de Tavera,

believed that the Spanish friars and Izquierdo used the Cavite Mutiny as a way to address other issues by blowing out of proportion the isolated mutiny attempt.

Pardo de Tavera,

was a physician, historian, and politician of Spanish and Filipino descent. He is Joaquin's nephew and ward. ______ was 15 years old when Cavite Mutiny happened

Pardo de Tavera,

suspended the opening of Manila a Society of Arts and Trades to repress the growth of liberal teachings

General Izquierdo

The arrival in Manila of _________ put a sudden end to all dreams of reforms.

General Izquierdo

according to _______ accounts The Spanish colonizers used the Cavite Mutiny to justify their continuing dominance in the country. They showcased the mutiny as a part of a greater conspiracy in the Philippines by Filipinos to overthrow the spanish government

Filipino Accounts Cavite Mutiny > Martyrdom of Gomburza > Jose Rizal’s El Filibusterismo > Philippine Revolution

An organized movement established by Andres Bonifacio on July 7,1892, became the first move towards independence

The Kataastaasang Kagalang-galangang Katipunan (KKK)

KKK was established on?

July 7,1892,

New members ofthe society were indoctrinated with the Katipunan rules and teachings though Emilio Jacinto’’s________ which emphasized the value ofthe love of one’’s country and fellow Filipinos

Kartilya

Joined the Katipunan atthe age of18 in 1894. His involvementin such organization sparked his nationalistic ideas which led him to become a guiding lightto the members ofthe society in his work,the Kartilya as well as the oath ofthe Katipuneros.

Emilio Jacinto

He also edited the Katipunan newspaper, Kalayaan, and was the author of several literary writings using the pen-name He was later appointed General by Bonifacio in 1897

Dimas Ilaw

was a guidebook for the Katipunan revolutionary movement against Spanish colonial rule. It reflected the liberal and radical ideas of the time as well as values of equality, tolerance, freedom, and honor. It is a small pamphlet that is given to new members of Katipunan.

Kartilya

FREEDOM BROTHERHOOD RIGHTEOUSNESS EXCELLENCE ENLIGHTENMENT LIBERTY

It originated from the word _____ which means the paper given to a new student in learning a specific subject. And like the cartillas, this document served as the primary lessons for the members of the Katipunan

“Cartilla”