Exam 1 - Medical terms and Dentition Flashcards
Dorsal
Running along the back
Ventral
Running along the belly
Cranial
Towards the head (cranium)
Caudal
Towards the tail
Proximal
Towards the shoulder and hip (moving up from the feet)
Distal
Towards the hoof (Moving down from the shoulder/hip)
Rostral
Towards the nose (from the ears)
Plantar
Below the hock (plant)
Palmar
Below the knee (palm, front leg)
Axial
Towards the axis (inside of leg)
Abaxial
Away from axis (outside of leg)
Oma
Refers to tumors (rapidly, uncontrollable progression and division of cells)
- Melanoma, Chondroma, Lipoma, Hepatoma
Itis
Inflammation (localized tissue response to injury characterized as heat, pain, sweling and redness with loss of function)
- Gastritis, Cystitis, Endometritis
Inflammation
Protective response whose ultimate goal is to remove the organism from initial cause and the consequences of such injury such as tissues and cells
Inflammation signs
Redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function
Acute inflammation
Tissue damage response (non-specific) such as infections, trauma, physical or chemical injury, tissue necrosis, foreign bodies, or a immune reaction (mosquito bites)
Stages of inflammation
Vascular
Cellular
Vascular Phase
Vasoactive changes with vasoconstriction (constriction of the artery) and dilation of arteries to increase blood flow to the affected area
Cellular phase
Inactive endothelium activated to allow emigration (passage of inflammatory leukocytes between endothelial cells into adjacent tissue)
Neutrophils (leukocytes)
Ingest foreign materal, promote inflammation, pyrogen
Pyrogen
Produces a fever when released into the blood
Macrophages
Antigen presentation, phagocytosis
Initiation, Maintenance, and resolution of inflammation (clean up area)
Phagocytosis
The ingestion of bacteria or material by phagocytes
basophils
Dilation of blood vessels (source of histamine)
Eosinophils
Involved in allergic reactions, also phagocyte parasites
Lymphocytes
No involved in bacteria but in viral and chronic inflammations
Exudates
Vessels leak into tissue and allow passage of water, salt and plasma proteins
Dilute locally produced toxin in tissue damage and circulates from local vessels to extra-cellular space of damaged tissue(reabsorbed by lympatics)
Chronic inflammation
Persistence of injury factor (migration of plasmocytes and macrophages and lymphocytes) rich in fibroblasts and blood vessels as well as immune reactions
Laminitis
When the bone rotates and separates from the hoof wall and begins to pierce the sole of the foot (chronic due to not being able to reverse rotation, only stop it)
Causes of Chronic inflammation
May have pus, necrotic tissue and not removing the bacteria, virus or object from injury sites.
Necrosis
Death of cells in the body
- Causes: Toxin, mechanical burns, causes breakdown of tissues by enzymes and leukocytes
- Treatment: removal of all necrotic tissue and wrap/keep wound clean until healed