Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Equine Disease (ANEQ 346) > Exam 1 - Medical terms and Dentition > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Medical terms and Dentition Flashcards

1
Q

Dorsal

A

Running along the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ventral

A

Running along the belly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cranial

A

Towards the head (cranium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Caudal

A

Towards the tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Proximal

A

Towards the shoulder and hip (moving up from the feet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Distal

A

Towards the hoof (Moving down from the shoulder/hip)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rostral

A

Towards the nose (from the ears)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Plantar

A

Below the hock (plant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Palmar

A

Below the knee (palm, front leg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Axial

A

Towards the axis (inside of leg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Abaxial

A

Away from axis (outside of leg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Oma

A

Refers to tumors (rapidly, uncontrollable progression and division of cells)
- Melanoma, Chondroma, Lipoma, Hepatoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Itis

A

Inflammation (localized tissue response to injury characterized as heat, pain, sweling and redness with loss of function)
- Gastritis, Cystitis, Endometritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Inflammation

A

Protective response whose ultimate goal is to remove the organism from initial cause and the consequences of such injury such as tissues and cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Inflammation signs

A

Redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acute inflammation

A

Tissue damage response (non-specific) such as infections, trauma, physical or chemical injury, tissue necrosis, foreign bodies, or a immune reaction (mosquito bites)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stages of inflammation

A

Vascular
Cellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Vascular Phase

A

Vasoactive changes with vasoconstriction (constriction of the artery) and dilation of arteries to increase blood flow to the affected area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cellular phase

A

Inactive endothelium activated to allow emigration (passage of inflammatory leukocytes between endothelial cells into adjacent tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Neutrophils (leukocytes)

A

Ingest foreign materal, promote inflammation, pyrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pyrogen

A

Produces a fever when released into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Macrophages

A

Antigen presentation, phagocytosis
Initiation, Maintenance, and resolution of inflammation (clean up area)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Phagocytosis

A

The ingestion of bacteria or material by phagocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

basophils

A

Dilation of blood vessels (source of histamine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Eosinophils
Involved in allergic reactions, also phagocyte parasites
26
Lymphocytes
No involved in bacteria but in viral and chronic inflammations
27
Exudates
Vessels leak into tissue and allow passage of water, salt and plasma proteins Dilute locally produced toxin in tissue damage and circulates from local vessels to extra-cellular space of damaged tissue(reabsorbed by lympatics)
28
Chronic inflammation
Persistence of injury factor (migration of plasmocytes and macrophages and lymphocytes) rich in fibroblasts and blood vessels as well as immune reactions
29
Laminitis
When the bone rotates and separates from the hoof wall and begins to pierce the sole of the foot (chronic due to not being able to reverse rotation, only stop it)
30
Causes of Chronic inflammation
May have pus, necrotic tissue and not removing the bacteria, virus or object from injury sites.
31
Necrosis
Death of cells in the body - Causes: Toxin, mechanical burns, causes breakdown of tissues by enzymes and leukocytes - Treatment: removal of all necrotic tissue and wrap/keep wound clean until healed
32
Edema
Inflammatory and noninflammatory swelling caused by passage of fluid from inflammation to tissue (i) or the accumulation of fluid between cells (Non-I) - Causes: parasites, poor nutrition (non-inflammatory)
33
Neoplasm
Cell division controlled to maintain homeostasis - Begnin: Slow, well tolerated by the body, easy to remove (sunburn, melanoma) - Malign: Quick, negative effects to the body (cancers)
34
Shock
Acute and progressive failure of circulation - Causes: severe trauma, massive hemorrhage, internal obstruction, infection, dehydration - Signs: Apathy, shallow HR, Rapid HR/Breathing, cool skin, subnormal temperature, sweating, pale mucous
35
Normal TPR
Temp: 99.5-101.5 HR: 30-40 bpm (resting) Respiration: 6-16 bpm
36
Objective Colic Measurements
Increased HR and respiration due to pain, temperature will be normal range
37
Objective measurements
Measurements that you can measure (HR, temp, respiration)
38
Subjective measurements
Measurements that you can observe - Skin tent, mucous, CPR, etc.
39
Pasture behavior (normal)
Eating, walking without lameness, staying with the herd, interacting, no sign of distress
40
Stall behavior (abnormal)
Laying down/rolling excessively Not drinking/eating Sweating Heavy breathing
41
Normal Subjective Measurements
CRT: 2 seconds Skin tent: 2 seconds Gut sounds: water flowing, some gas sounds Mucous: pink colored Muscle tone: relaxed, can be pressed into (not firm)
42
Colic Subjective measurements
Rigid abdomen, CRT skin tent may take longer due to dehydration Depending on the severity, there could be excess (+3) or no gut sounds (impaction, +1) and pale mucuous
43
Types of teeth
Incisors (front) Canines (middle of mouth) Cheek teeth (back of mouth) - Premolars, molars
44
Maxillary
Upper jaw
45
Mandibular
Lower jaw
46
Buccal
Towards cheek
47
Labial
Towards lips and inciors
48
Palatal
Towards the palate (top of mouth)
49
Lingual
Towards the tongue and lower teeth (bottom of mouth) ]
50
Occlusal
Chewing surface of teeth
51
Complete dental exam requires....
Sedation Full mouth speculum Light source Dental mirror Explorer
52
Incisors
3 total - Loose all 3 and grow new ones
53
Canines
2 sets of teeth in the middle of the mouth
54
Molars
Premolars (3 permanent ones, 1st being wolf teeth) Molars (2 permanent ones)
55
Wolf teeth
Can be found in most geldings/stallions, but is uncommon in mares. Used for fighting, most of the time is removed from mouth
56
Dental disease signs
Excessive salivation Open mouth chewing Dropping feed Head shaking or tossing Behavior issue with bit use Unilateral nasal discharge Mouth odor Facial jaw swelling
57
Loosing teeth
Horses lose 24 deciduous teeth and erupt 36 or more permanent teeth between the ages of 2 to 5
58
6 days
first incisors
59
6 weeks
Second incisors
60
6 months
third incisors, and wolf teeth (1st premolars)
61
2 years
2nd molar
62
2.5 years
Adult 1st incisor, 2nd molar
63
3.5 years
Adult 2nd incisor, 3rd molar
64
4-5 years
Canine teeth
65
4.5 years
3rd adult incisor
66
Determining age (after 5 years)
Shape of incior Presence of infundibular "cups" Dental star Presence and extent of "galvans" groove Angulation of incisors
67
Retained caps
Decicuous teeth that have not been lost and sit on top of the permanent teeth - Removal of caps with forecepts and is easy unless impacted by another tooth
68
EORTH: tooth resorption
Increased incisive angle commonly seen with gingivitis and gingival recession as well as periodontal disease (gingival fistulas) - Signs: Infection and pain, weight loss, painful eating, head shy, unusual eating pattern, speculum placement hard - Treatment: if caught early, there can be easy treatment such as home hygiene therapy. Aggressive treatments involved removing all incisors through staged or complete extraction
69
Dental abcesses
Infection of the tooth root - Abscessed tooth can lead to sinus infection and nasal discharge
70
Tooth Ramp
Overgrown tooth at the back of the mouth that restricts the horses ability to chew side to side, resulting in an abnormal open mouth chewing motion - Hook that is >2/3 the width of the tooth and involves >1 pulp horn
71
Step
Overlong tooth in the middle of the arcade (caused by missing teeth, over worn teeth or diastema)
72
Wave
Uneven wear in the arcade that leads to uneven height occlusal surface in a wave formation
73
Shear
>20 degrees occlusal angle, restrict mandibular movement (TMj, painful toooth, EORTH)
74
Hooks
Most commonly caused by offset teeth, arcades or missing tooth and collapse of arcades, ramps
75
Periodontal disease
16% of horses have over 16 periodonatal disease - Causes: food trapped beneath teeth (diastema), ulcerations caused by malocclusions, metabolic changes in horse
76
Floating
Grinding of the sharp enamel points of the.... - Buccal surface of maxillary cheek teeth - Lingual surface of mandibular cheek teeth - Mesial surface of first cheek teeth - Sharp edge of canine teeth in geldings and stallions
77
Maxillary vs Madibulary
Maxillary are wider then the mandibular teeth
78
Roots of Maxillary
Extend upward into the nasal cavity and into the maxillary sinuses. - Abcessed roots
79
Teeth growth
Erupt at approximately 1/8 inches per year for over 20 years

Equine Disease (ANEQ 346) (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions