Exam 1 material

Question 1

Sterilization

Answer 1

Total destruction of all microbes including spores and non-enveloped viruses and fungi

Question 2

Disinfection

Answer 2

Physical procedure or chemical agents used to destroy microbes/make inert

Question 3

Dry heat

Answer 3

Incineration is high disinfection. Destroys anything that is living. Time and temperature dependent.

Question 4

Moist heat

Answer 4

Boiling is medium to high. Takes about 30 minutes to sterilize. Autoclaving is heat and pressure and takes about 15 minutes.

Question 5

Filtration

Answer 5

Traps microorganisms. Filter size determines level of disinfection. Finite lifespan.

Question 6

Radiation

Answer 6

UV or ionizing irradiation. UV crosslinks nucleic acids which prevents replication (thymine dimers). Ionizing is X-ray or Gamma. Creates breaks in DNA strands. Duration is important

Question 7

Difference between antiseptic and disinfectant

Answer 7

Disinfectant is used on nonliving things and antiseptics are used on living things.

Question 8

Fimbrae

Answer 8

Short helical filamentous protein structures that can be plentiful and allow for bacteria to stick to things

Question 9

Pili

Answer 9

Longer than fimbrae. Made of protein monomer pilin and can be multiple proteins. Allows attachment to surfaces and each other as well as transfer of genetic material and some movement.

Question 10

Flagella

Answer 10

Long helical protein that allows for movement via rotation. Mono=one, Amphi=one at each pole, Lopho=multiple at one pole, Peri=many all around