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Animal Diseases and Public Health > Exam 1 Material > Flashcards

Exam 1 Material Flashcards

1
Q

Who gets bit most by animals?

A

Children

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2
Q

How many bite accidents are from dogs?

A

80%

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3
Q

Severe Bites

A

> multiple bites
shakes the victim

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4
Q

Are people normally bitten by their pets?

A

Yes, usually on their extremities

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5
Q

Bacteria comes from:

A

> animals mouth
person’s skin

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6
Q

Gram Negative:

A

Pink stain, lipids are present

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7
Q

What is the most common species of Campylobacteriosis?

A

C.Jejuni

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8
Q

Brucellosis in cattle causes what?

A

early abortions

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9
Q

Pathogenic E.Coli:

A

O157 and H7

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10
Q

What causes bloody diarrhea?

A

E.Coli (for this exam)

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11
Q

Hemorrahagic colitis:

A

bloody diarrhea

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12
Q

HUS:

A

hemolytic uremic syndrome

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13
Q

What animal is the primary carrier for E.Coli?

A

Cattle

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14
Q

Salmonellosis

A

Takes a large dose to overcome gastric acidity and to compete with normal intestinal flora

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15
Q

Emerging infectious diseases:

A

those caused by new agents or previously know agents appearing in species or places previously unkown

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16
Q

Zoonoses:

A

those diseases shared in nature between animals and man

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17
Q

Direct zoonoses:

A

Can be maintained in nature by 1 vertebrate species (ex: skunk rabies in South East, TX)

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18
Q

Cyclozoonoses:

A

Requires more than 1 vertebrate species to be maintained in nature

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19
Q

Metazoonoses:

A

Life cycle requires both vertebrate and invertebrate host (ex: ticks)

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20
Q

Saprozoonoses:

A

Depends on inanimate development sites as well as vertebrate host (ex: soil)

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21
Q

Reservoir:

A

site where etiological agent multiplies and is responsible for its survival

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22
Q

Pathogen:

A

Microbe capable of causing a disease

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23
Q

Vector:

A

> animate
method of transmisson from an animate object (ticks and mosquitoes)

24
Q

Fomite:

A

> inanimate
method of transmisson from an inanimate object

25
Q

Biological vector:

A

agent multiplies or completes life cycle in vector

26
Q

Mechanical vectors:

A

agent physically transferred by vector to host. Vector body parts contaminated with agents

27
Q

Vertical transmission:

A

spread parent to offspring, always direct

28
Q

Acute:

A

rapid onset, severe symptoms, short course

29
Q

Chronic:

A

slower development, usually less severe, continual or recurrent clinical signs

30
Q

Are infectious diseases always contagious?

A

No

31
Q

Morbidity rate:

A

rate of sickness within a population. Infection rate.

32
Q

Mortality rate:

A

Ratio of number of deaths compared to exposed population. Death rate.

33
Q

Endemic:

A

Disease always present in a population in a specific geographical location

34
Q

Sporadic:

A

Few isolated cases in a widespread area

35
Q

Epidemic:

A

Disease has sudden onset and widespread outbreak

36
Q

Pandemic:

A

Widespread epidemic across continents

37
Q

Quarantine:

A

keep animal separated for longest incubation time

38
Q

Isolation:

A

keep animal separated for total time it could transmit disease

39
Q

Incubation Time:

A

time from exposure to a disease and the first clinical signs

40
Q

USDA/APHIS:

A

main facility that deals with animal health/issues

41
Q

Innate immunity:

A

the bodies immediate response to challenge from antigen (molecule that triggers and immune response)

42
Q

First line of defense:

A

skin and mucous membranes

43
Q

Second line of defense:

A

fever and inflammation

44
Q

Classical signs of inflmmation:

A

Redness, heat, and swelling

45
Q

Activated Immunity:

A

activated when it comes into the environment

46
Q

Naturally acquired:

A

acquired unintentionally
> Active: antigen enters body unintentionally
> Passive: antibodies enter body through natural process

47
Q

Artificially acquired:

A

intentional introduction antigens and or antibodies into body.
> Active: antigen enters body through intentional source (ex: vaccine)
> Passive: pre formed antibodies injected into body

48
Q

Lymphocytes:

A

white blood cells
> B lymphocytes: humoral immunity, antibody production
> T lymphocytes: cell mediated immunity

49
Q

Specificity:

A

Property of test to detect only certain antibodies or antigens and not react to unrelated antibodies or antigens.

50
Q

Sensitivity:

A

Capability of test to detect small amounts of antibodies or antigens

51
Q

Agglutination test:

A

forms visible clumps
(ex: brucellosis card test: clotting= positive)

52
Q

Elisa test:

A

ex: heartworm test

53
Q

Blotting Test

A

Another type of test

54
Q

PCR tests:

A

checks for dna, is very sensitive and specific

55
Q

Gram positive:

A

purple, no lipids present

56
Q

Anthrax:

A

> spores in soil, weather conditions (wet spring, dry summer)
EVERYTHING is contaminated in the body
Spleen in cattle is what you use to detect
Cutaneous anthrax is the only form that is contagious human to human
Systemic anthrax: blood stream: meningitis: “cardinals cap”
Crime Bioterror agent, difficult to grow to use for a weapon

57
Q

Brucellosis:

A

> Most deadly in cattle
Hypothalamus is the thermostat for the body
WRITE IT: most common species for people: Brucella melitensis
Controlling in a herd: test to slaughter, and vaccinate
Vaccination: VET ONLY, identified with tattoo and orange clip in right ear
Bulls are not vaccinated but they can get the disease and it causes infertility
In people, the term is undulant fever

Animal Diseases and Public Health (3 decks)

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