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Sheep > Exam 1 Material > Flashcards

Exam 1 Material Flashcards

0
Q

Name the 11 western states not including South Dakota

A

Washington, California, Arizona, New Mexico, Oregon, Nevada, Idaho, Utah, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado

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1
Q

Zoological classification of sheep

A 
K- animalia
P- Chordata
C- mammalian 
O- Artiodactyla 
F- bovidae
G- ovis
S-Aries
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2
Q

Reasons for sheep decline

A 
Low returns - high risk
Labor shortage
Grazing allotments 
Synthetics
Prestige
WW11
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3
Q

Definition of gland and the types of glands sheep have:

A

An organ that secretes a substance to be used in the body or to be eliminated from the body.

Suborbital
Interdigital
Sweat
Sebaceous

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4
Q

Suborbital gland

A

Beneath corner of eye. Consists of wastes of body metabolism that must be discharged

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5
Q

Interdigital gland

A

Located between the toes of each foot as well as the groin area. Oily waste product of body metabolism. Has a particular Oder which allows ewes to find rest of flock or lambs find mothers from where they walked. Ducts can become plugged which results in lameness.

6 total

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6
Q

Sweat glands

A

Located over entire body.

Secretes SUINT in wool (water and potassium)

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7
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

All over body

Secretion primarily cholesterol - gives wool greasy feeling and protects it from weather damage.

Cholesterol + suint = YOLK

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8
Q

%shrink formula

A

% shrink = (grease wt. - clean wt.) / grease wt. * 100

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9
Q

Slaughter weight

A

100-120 lbs

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10
Q

Estrous cycle

A

17 days

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11
Q

Heat period

A

20-42 hours

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12
Q

Gestation period

A

147 days

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13
Q

6 characteristics of sheep

A 
Form of horns 
Mature body size
Size and shape of ears
Leg color
Mouth/teeth
Wool
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14
Q

Hank

A

A standard length of single strand yarn per lb of clean wool

1 hank = 560 yd.

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15
Q

Wool grading systems

A
  • blood grade system
  • spinning counts (based on hank)
  • diameter of individual fibers in microns (higher grade = less microns)
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16
Q

TDN

A

Total digestible nutrients: sum of all digestible organic nutrients in a feedstuff or diet.

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17
Q

CP=

A

Nitrogen * 6.25

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18
Q

Types of feedstuffs for sheep

A

Roughage 90%

Concentrate 10%

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19
Q

Virtues of wool

A

Porous, insulator, light weight, dye goes directly into fiber, durable, non-flammable, easily felted, resilient, static resistant, versatile

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20
Q

Steps for manufacturing wool

A

1) shear
2) sort
3) dust
4) scour
5) dry
6) card
7) gill
8) combing
9) spin, rove, wind, & twist
10) weave
11) dye
12) finish

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21
Q

Coarsest and poorest wool

A

Britch wool - from thigh and twist region

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22
Q

Wool heavy in vegetable matter

A

Burry wool

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23
Q

The act of treating wool with chemicals usually acids to destroy and remove the burrs w/o serious damage to the wool

A

Carbonizing

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24
Q

A machine used to separate the wool fibers by opening locks or tufts of wool. Contains multiple rows of teeth

A

Card

25
Q

Carding

A

An operation which converts loose, clean, scoured wool into continuous, untwisted strands.

26
Q

Carpet wool

A

Coarse, harsh,strong, and more suitable for carpets than fabrics.
Mix of course fibers and hair.
Small amts produced in us

27
Q

Clip

A

The total annual production from any given flock, state, or country

28
Q

Clothing wool length

A

Under 1 1/2 inches

29
Q

Combing

A

An operation in the worsted system of removal of the short fibers (noils) and foreign impurities

30
Q

Combing wools

A

Over 2 3/4 inches with an increase on length as the wool becomes coarser

31
Q

Felting

A

The property of wool fibers to interlock when rubbed together under conditions of heat, moisture, and pressure.

32
Q

French combing wools

A

Wools intermediate in length btwn strictly combing ad clothing.

Can handle fine wools from 1 1/4 to 2 1/2 in.

Yarn softer and loftier than worsted

33
Q

Fribs

A

Second cuts, short lengths of fibers

34
Q

A process of washing or cleansing wool of grease, soil, and suint by washing in a water-soap alkali solution

A

Scouring

35
Q

Noils

A

The short fibers that are removed from the staple wool in the combing or top making process

36
Q

Virgin wool

A

Wool that has been clipped from a live sheep and that has not been previously advanced in manufacturing to the stage where it contains twist.

37
Q

Warp

A

The yarns running lengthwise in a fabric

38
Q

Fine grade counts

A

80s - 62s

39
Q

1/2 grade counts

A

60s - 58s

40
Q

3/8 grade counts

A

56s - 54s

41
Q

1/4 grade counts

A

50s - 48s

42
Q

Low 1/4 grade counts

A

46s

43
Q

Common or braid grade counts

A

44s - 36s

44
Q

What % of wool is clothing and what are the categories

A

93%

Woolens and worsted

45
Q

Woolens

A

<2 in regardless of grade
Processed crosswise to provide a fuzzy appearance
Ex. Tweed, flannel, broadcloth, Kersey, mackinaw

46
Q

Worsted

A

> 2in long regardless of grade
Cooler than woolens and fibers are processed parallel
Ex. Serge, gabardine, rep, coverts

47
Q

Why is staple length important

A

Fiber length determines the processing system a fleece will go through

48
Q

Physical structure of wool

A

Epidermis - outer layer composed of scales
Cortex - the main part of the fiber composes 90% of the fiber mass
Medulla - the center honey comb like core contains air spaces ( absent in fine)

49
Q

Sliver

A

An untwisted strand of the textile fiber produced by carding or combing and ready for drawing, roving, or spinning

50
Q

Drawing

A

To change shape by pulling or stretching

51
Q

Roving

A

To join textile fibers with a straight twist or pull

52
Q

Yarn

A

A continuous strand of fibers used in weaving or knitting to form cloth

53
Q

Weave

A

Interlace strands of yarn (warp filling threads)

54
Q

Knit

A

To interlace yarn or thread in a series of connected loops with needles

55
Q

Felt

A

Cloth napped and shrunk with heat, moisture, chemicals, a d pressure. Fibers woven crossways

56
Q

Warp

A

Series of yarn extending length wise In a loom and crossed by woof

57
Q

Woof

A

A filling thread

58
Q

Chemical composition of wool

A 
50% carbon
25% oxygen
16% nitrogen
7% hydrogen
2% sulfur
59
Q 
Wool characteristics:
Fibers/sq in
In in diameter
Length
Crimps
A

5,000-50,000 fibers/sq in
.0007-.0016 inches in diameter
1-20 in long
5-36 crimps per in

60
Q

Lamb milk replacer

A 
24% protein (milk) (casein)
30% fat (homogenized)
22-25% lactose 
No more than 10% ash
No more than .35% crude fiber
Vitamin A, D-3, & E
250 g/ton of Neomycin
61
Q

Overeating disease

A

Enterotoxemia

Vaccinate at 5, 8, and 11 weeks

Sheep (3 decks)

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