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Biomechanics IV > Exam 1 lecture: foot and ankle > Flashcards

Exam 1 lecture: foot and ankle Flashcards

1
Q

choparts joint

A

midtarsal / transverse tarsal jt

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2
Q

lisfrancs joint

A

1 - 5 TMT jts

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3
Q

what is the midline of the foot?

A

2nd metatarsal

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4
Q

where is the weight distributed in the foot when standing?

A

heel: 60%

metatarsal heads: 28% (~50% on 1st and 2nd rays)

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5
Q

keystone of medial longitudinal arch

A

talus

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6
Q

keystone of lateral longitudinal arch

A

cuboid

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7
Q

keystone of transverse arch

A

2nd cuneiform, head of 2nd metatarsal

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8
Q

what happens to static weight distribution w/ inverted heel (rearfoot varum)

A

shifts laterally

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9
Q

what happens to static weight distribution w/ everted heel (rearfoot valgum)

A

shifts medially

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10
Q

what happens to static weight distribution w/ high heels/tight gastrocsoleus?

A

shifts anteriorly

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11
Q

what happens to static weight distribution w/ dorsiflexed 1st ray

A

shifts medially

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12
Q

what happens to static weight distribution w/ plantar flexed 1st ray?

A

shifts laterally

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13
Q

what happens to static weight distribution w/ fixed 1st MP jt?

A

shifts laterally (to avoid pain)

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14
Q

what happens to static weight distribution w/ long 2nd ray?

A

more weight on 2nd metatarsal

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15
Q

what is mortons foot?

A

long 2nd ray

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16
Q

where does the static weight distribution shift in forefoot varus w/ a RIGID foot?

A

laterally (think supinated foot = rigid foot)

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17
Q

where does the static weight distribution shift in forefoot varus w/ a FLEXIBLE foot?

A

medially (think pronated foot = flexible foot)

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18
Q

where does the static weight distribution shift in forefoot valgus?

A

medially

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19
Q

what is splay foot?

A

depressed transverse arch

20
Q

what happens to static weight distribution w/ splay foot?

A

shifts to 2nd - 4th metatarsals

21
Q

what is pes planus?

22
Q

what happens to static weight distribution w/ pes planus?

A

weight distributed over entire plantar surface

23
Q

what is pes cavus?

A

high arches

24
Q

what happens to static weight distribution w/ pes cavus?

A

weight on focal calcaneus, 1st ray, 5th ray

25
Q

what are the “staples/mortar” of the foot?

A

spring lig., long plantar lig., short plantar lig., transverse metatarsal ligs.

26
Q

what is the spring lig.?

A

calcaneonavicular lig.

27
Q

what are the long plantar and short plantar ligs supporting?

A

lateral arch

28
Q

what are the transverse metatarsal ligs supporting?

A

transverse arch

29
Q

what are the “tie beams” of the foot?

A

foot intrinsic msls, TDH (tibialis post., flexor digitorum longus, flexor halllucis longus), peroneus longus, plantar fascia

30
Q

what are the suspensor msls of the foot?

A

tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, peroneus tertius

31
Q

what are the stirrup msls of the foot?

A

peroneus longus, tibialis anterior

32
Q

what is the purpose of the suspensor msls of the foot?

A

resist collapse of arch

eccentrically control collapse of arch w/every step

33
Q

what do the stirrup msls do?

A

pull up from both sides

34
Q

what are the supporters of the medial arch? (keystone, staples, tie beams, suspenders)

A

ks: talus
st: spring lig
tb: flexor digitorum brevis, flexors of hallux, plantar fascia
sus: tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior

35
Q

what are the supporters of the lateral arch? (keystone, staples, tie beams, suspenders)

A

ks: cuboid
st: long & short plantar lig
tb: flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis, plantar fascia
sus: peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, peroneus tertius

36
Q

what are the supporters of the transverse arch? (keystone, staples, tie beams, suspenders)

A

ks: 2nd cuneiform or 2nd metatarsal base
st: transverse metatarsal ligs
tb: peroneus longus, adductor hallucis, plantar fascia
sus: none

37
Q

what might cause the intrinsic foot msls and plantar fascia to fatigue?

A

pronation syndrome, overuse

38
Q

t or f: plantar fascia is an elastic, and therefore dynamic, support of the foot.

A

false. plantar fascia is inelastic, and therefore static support.

39
Q

what is the windlass effect?

A

when toes extend, plantar fascia pulls the heel toward the forefoot to raise and support the arches

40
Q

which toe is particularly important during takeoff?

41
Q

t or f: plantar fascia extends the pull of the achilles tendon

42
Q

what are the characteristics of pes cavus?

A 
high arch
supinated foot
inverted heel
curved
stiff/rigid
decreased shock absorbtion
lateral shoe breakdown
43
Q

what are the characteristics of pes planus?

A 
low arch/flat foot
pronated foot
everted
straight
usually flexible (not always)
decreased shock absorption
medial shoe breakdown
44
Q

which is more common: pes cavus or pes planus?

45
Q

what is the effect of a pronated foot on leg length?

A

shorter leg length

46
Q

what is the effect of a supinated foot on leg length?

A

longer leg length

47
Q

what joint is the most crucial part of pronation/supination?

A

subtalar joint (locks/unlocks foot)

Biomechanics IV (5 decks)

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