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equine ip11 > exam 1 - lecture 4 > Flashcards

exam 1 - lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

horses are ____ grazers

A

continuous

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2
Q

which bacteria in the colon is not a pathogen

A

Helicobacter equinus

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3
Q

what hormones control intake regulation

A

leptin
ghrelin - stimulate appetite

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4
Q

what is trituration

A

process ingesta to optimize digestion and absorption upon entry into the intestine

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5
Q

what allows liquids to depart the stomach without need for propulsive peristaltic contractions

A

thick circular musculature of pylorus

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6
Q

average gastric half emptying time for solid food

A

1.56 hr

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7
Q

half emptying time for liquid

A

10-74 min

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8
Q

half emptying time for liquid for foals

A

4-14 min

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9
Q

stomach will be empty of food in adult horse in

A

12 hr

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10
Q

where is the pH highest in the stomach

A

near the squamous portion

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11
Q

how does HCl secretion work

A

continuous

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12
Q

what stimulates HCl production

A

histamine
gastrin - cortisol
ACh
prostaglandins

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13
Q

what inhibits HCl production

A

somatostatin

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14
Q

2 forms of equine gastric ulcer syndrome

A

EGSD, EGGD
squamous and glandular disease
both can be in one patient

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15
Q

why do squamous ulcers develop

A

minimally protected from acid
normally covered with ingesta - unless not

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16
Q

what in humans is like EGSD

A

gerd

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17
Q

risk factors for EGSD

A

empty stomach, exercise on empty stomach, pyloric outflow obstruction

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18
Q

location for EGSD

A

lesser curvature at margo plicatus

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19
Q

why does EGGD happen

A

failure of normal protective mechanisms
causes unknown but H. pylori, NSAIDs and idiopathic are suspected

20
Q

treatment for EGUS

A

PPI - omeprazole

21
Q

is acid damage the cause of glandular disease

A

no - but is an aggravating factor

22
Q

CS for EGUS

A

asymptomatic, anxious, colicky, food aggressive, wont perform, grumpy, bruxism

23
Q

risk factors for EGGD

A

warmblood, specific trainer, multiple people, lots of exercise,

24
Q

diagnosis of EGUS

A

endoscopy, biopsy, US

25
Q

how to do gastric endoscopy

A

NPO 16 hrs, restraint, pass like NG tube, inflate and deflate, confirm healing with follow up

26
Q

gastric US

A

left flank, cranioventral
not caudal to IC14

27
Q

EGUS treatments and prevention

A

small frequent forage meals
supplements
mirrors
water
corn oil
omeprazole - expensive, poor oral bioavailability with full forage, more effective for EGSD

28
Q

are grades used for EGSD or EGGD

A

EGSD

29
Q

complications of EGUS

A

uncommon
recurrence
peritonitis
gerd
polypus pyloris
intussusception

30
Q

primary gastric distention disorders

A

ingestion of fermentable food/grain overload
food impaction

31
Q

secondary distention disorders

A

small intestinal obstruction
aklaline fluid buildup

32
Q

what is most common form of gastric distention disorder

A

secondary

33
Q

gastric outflow obstruction causes

A

ulceration, delayed gastric emptying syndrome, neoplasia, phytobezoar

34
Q

what gets retained in delayed gastric emptying

A

solids

35
Q

signs of delayed gastric emptying

A

asymptomatic, inappetence, mild recurrent colic, cutaneous sensitivity
food bolus in stomach after 16 hr of fasting

36
Q

Dx of delayed gastric emptying

A

CS, NG tube, enlargement of stomach via US, retention of food after fasting

37
Q

gastric impaction predisposing factors

A

dental, gastritis, ulcers

38
Q

clinical presentation of gastric impaction

A

colic, cant pass NG tube

39
Q

Dx gastric emptying

A

contrast rads - no aboral movement into stomach by 30-90 min

40
Q

common fall MO obstruction object

A

persimmons - surgery

41
Q

what is gastrorrhexis

A

gastric rupture

42
Q

why should you employ NG tube during Dx and management of colic

A

look for distension which can lead to rupture

43
Q

is gastric rupture fatal

A

invariably

44
Q

is gastric cancer common

A

no

45
Q

gastric cancers

A

gastric SCC
lymphosarcoma
leiomyoma

46
Q

who gets gastric SCC

A

old horses

47
Q

Dx gastric SCC

A

endoscopy, US, analysis peritoneal fluid

equine ip11 (5 decks)

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