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equine ip11 > exam 1 - lecture 2 > Flashcards

exam 1 - lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

signs of dental problems or dz

A

dropping feed, hard to chew, weight loss, bit problems, poor performance, foul odor, nasal dischrage, lameness

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2
Q

complete oral exam

A

history and PE
observe horse in environment
assess physical condition
assess feed and water source
external evaluation - head, muscle, tmj
occlusion - incisors and cheek
periodontal disease
endodontic components
oral soft tissue

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3
Q

when should all incisors be in by

A

all in wear by 5

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4
Q

which drugs for sedation and analgesia for oral exam

A

alpha-2 agonists - xylazine, detomidine
butorphanol - controlled, opiate partial agonist
combos

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5
Q

precautions with speculums

A

it is a weapon - sedation is necessary
dont open too wide or leave on for too long

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6
Q

points for speculum exam

A

visualize
feel for points and hooks
look for loose teeth
show owner what you find

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7
Q

how to rinse the mouth

A

chlorhex rinse
better for visualization
helps to evaluate sedation

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8
Q

what is the point of balancing the mouth

A

decrease abnormal forces on teeth

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9
Q

what is the bit seat

A

all 06s

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10
Q

when to start oral exam

A

all foals during new foal exam - need to look for congenital abnormalities

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11
Q

when to address wolf teeth

A

1 yr

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12
Q

will young or old horses have sharpest enamel points

A

young - teeth are softer

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13
Q

what age do most people start horse dentistry

A

1.5-3 yr

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14
Q

how many permanent teeth do horses have

A

36-44

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15
Q

how many deciduous teeth do horses have

A

24

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16
Q

when will horses have their full set of permanent teeth

A

5-6 yrs

17
Q

biggest point for geriatric horse dentistry

A

comfort

18
Q

what teeth have hooks commonly

A

106/206 and 311/411

19
Q

what structures are included in periodontal disease

A

gingiva, periodontal ligaments, cementum, alveolar bone

20
Q

age signalment for horses with periodontal disease

A

60% >15
40% 3-5 - eruption issues
20% 5-10

21
Q

specific treatment options for periodontal disease

A

clean pockets, antibacterial packing, balance mouth, extraction

22
Q

when should you extract

A

fractures/fragments
root abscesses
severe periodontal disease
EOTRH
trauma
impaction

23
Q

where do you poke for maxillary nerve block

A

pterygopalatine fossa
under zygomatic arch, deposit into fat pad

24
Q

what does the maxillary nerve block desensitize

A

maxilla and premaxilla
paranasal sinuses
nasal cavity

25
Q

does the horse hate the maxillary nerve block

A

not really

26
Q

complications of maxillary nerve block

A

infection, meningitis, retrobulbar hematoma

27
Q

what does the infraorbital nerve block desensitize if you block within the canal

A

premolars, alveoli and gingiva, similar effect to maxillary

28
Q

what does the infraorbital nerve block desensitize if you block rostral to the canal

A

skin of lip, nostril and face

29
Q

do horses hate the infraorbital block

A

yes

30
Q

what does the mandibular nerve block desensitize

A

mandible and all structures

31
Q

complications with mandibular nerve block

A

cellulitis if not sterile
self trauma after

32
Q

what does mental nerve desensitize

A

canine, incisor, rostral cheek teeth, alveoli, gingiva
rostrally - skin of lips and chin

33
Q

which block is used for incisor extractions

A

infraorbital

34
Q

how do caries form

A

fissures and fractures
trauma
periodontal disease

35
Q

when to take rads or CT

A

nasal discharge, draining tracts, abnormal chewing, reluctance to eat, loose or fractured tooth, skull fractures

36
Q

why be careful with power tools

A

thermal damage
open pulp chamber

equine ip11 (5 decks)

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