exam 1 - lecture 2 Flashcards
signs of dental problems or dz
dropping feed, hard to chew, weight loss, bit problems, poor performance, foul odor, nasal dischrage, lameness
complete oral exam
history and PE
observe horse in environment
assess physical condition
assess feed and water source
external evaluation - head, muscle, tmj
occlusion - incisors and cheek
periodontal disease
endodontic components
oral soft tissue
when should all incisors be in by
all in wear by 5
which drugs for sedation and analgesia for oral exam
alpha-2 agonists - xylazine, detomidine
butorphanol - controlled, opiate partial agonist
combos
precautions with speculums
it is a weapon - sedation is necessary
dont open too wide or leave on for too long
points for speculum exam
visualize
feel for points and hooks
look for loose teeth
show owner what you find
how to rinse the mouth
chlorhex rinse
better for visualization
helps to evaluate sedation
what is the point of balancing the mouth
decrease abnormal forces on teeth
what is the bit seat
all 06s
when to start oral exam
all foals during new foal exam - need to look for congenital abnormalities
when to address wolf teeth
1 yr
will young or old horses have sharpest enamel points
young - teeth are softer
what age do most people start horse dentistry
1.5-3 yr
how many permanent teeth do horses have
36-44
how many deciduous teeth do horses have
24
when will horses have their full set of permanent teeth
5-6 yrs
biggest point for geriatric horse dentistry
comfort
what teeth have hooks commonly
106/206 and 311/411
what structures are included in periodontal disease
gingiva, periodontal ligaments, cementum, alveolar bone
age signalment for horses with periodontal disease
60% >15
40% 3-5 - eruption issues
20% 5-10
specific treatment options for periodontal disease
clean pockets, antibacterial packing, balance mouth, extraction
when should you extract
fractures/fragments
root abscesses
severe periodontal disease
EOTRH
trauma
impaction
where do you poke for maxillary nerve block
pterygopalatine fossa
under zygomatic arch, deposit into fat pad
what does the maxillary nerve block desensitize
maxilla and premaxilla
paranasal sinuses
nasal cavity
does the horse hate the maxillary nerve block
not really
complications of maxillary nerve block
infection, meningitis, retrobulbar hematoma
what does the infraorbital nerve block desensitize if you block within the canal
premolars, alveoli and gingiva, similar effect to maxillary
what does the infraorbital nerve block desensitize if you block rostral to the canal
skin of lip, nostril and face
do horses hate the infraorbital block
yes
what does the mandibular nerve block desensitize
mandible and all structures
complications with mandibular nerve block
cellulitis if not sterile
self trauma after
what does mental nerve desensitize
canine, incisor, rostral cheek teeth, alveoli, gingiva
rostrally - skin of lips and chin
which block is used for incisor extractions
infraorbital
how do caries form
fissures and fractures
trauma
periodontal disease
when to take rads or CT
nasal discharge, draining tracts, abnormal chewing, reluctance to eat, loose or fractured tooth, skull fractures
why be careful with power tools
thermal damage
open pulp chamber
