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ANSC 333 > Exam 1 - Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

A protein which binds a corresponding molecular ligand conferring biological
activity

A

Receptors

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2
Q

A molecule which binds to the receptor to elicit a response

A

Agonist

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3
Q

Interacts with the receptor to block or inhibit the effects of the ligand

A

Antagonist

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4
Q

Agonist: acts like a natural —-

Antagonist: —- signal transduction

A

ligand
block

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5
Q

Receptors confer ________ and _________

A

Specificity and Activity

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6
Q

Hormones require ——– to induce an effect

A

Receptors

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7
Q

The abundance and accessibility of these receptors dictates the local
___________ of biological activity

A

intensity

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8
Q

How to increase the intensity of signals?

A

Increase hormones and increase of receptors

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9
Q

Steroid hormone action: —- receptor binds to steroid hormone
—- to nucleus.
—- binding domain binds to specific HRE of DNA.
—- occurs. (this is how steroid hormones modify —-)

A
  • Cytoplasmic
  • Translocate
  • DNA
  • Dimerization
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10
Q

What are the three members of the Nuclear Receptors

A
  • Androgen receptors
  • Estrogen Receptors
  • Progesterone Receptors
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11
Q

ramp up the gene

A

Androgen

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12
Q

turns the gene off

A

estrogen

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13
Q

ramp up or turn down the gene like a switch

A

progesterone

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14
Q

In Serum Carrier Proteins, what are the Sex Hormone-Binding globulin/ Androgen Binding Protein

A

Testosterone
DHT
Estradiol

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15
Q

In Serum Carrier Proteins what are the Corticosteroid binding globulin

A

Progesterone
Cortisol
Corticosterone

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16
Q

In Serum Carrier Proteins what are the Albumin (4)

A

Estradiol
Testosterone
Progesterone
Estriol

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17
Q

Is albumin a free steroid

A

No

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18
Q

What binds cell surface receptors

A

Non-steroid hormone

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19
Q

What are the 2 class of membrane bound receptor

A

Metabotropic
Ionotropic

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20
Q

change receptor shape to allow metabolism

A

Metabotropic

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21
Q

shape like ion channels, allows ion to flow through into the cell. Important tissue to move ion in and out by opening the membrane

A

Ionotropic

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22
Q

Large scale effect on cell function

A

metabotropic

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23
Q

change membrane, polarization

A

Ionotropic

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24
Q

Affinity: how —- a ligand will stick to its receptor

A

well

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25
Q

Why is affinity important in Receptor Specific Responses

A

different affinity, the bind will be different to the receptors

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26
Q

What is high affinity vs low affinity

A

High = sticks longer and activates better
Low = sticks not long and does not activate better

27
Q

What is the most important thing in Receptor Specific Responses

A

The concentration/dosages

28
Q

GnRH:

Released from:
Class:
Target:
Action: increase —- and —- release

A

Hypothalamus
Peptide
anterior pituitary
LH
FSH

29
Q

KISS:

Released from:
Class:
Target:
Action: increase/ decrease —- release

A

Hypothalamus
Peptide
Hypothalamus
GnRH

30
Q

Why is GnRH Important

A

Major hormone in behavior

31
Q

What is Kispeptin

A

controls timing to released puberty and controls the release of GnRH

32
Q

Melatonin:

Released from:
Class:
Target:
Action: increase or decrease —- release

A

pineal gland
amine
hypothalamus
GnRH

33
Q

What is the Hormone control of the Pineal gland

A

Melatonin

34
Q

LH:

Released from:
Class:
Target:
Action: induces —-
promotes —- formation
increases luteal —-

A

Anterior
Glycoprotein
Ovary/testis
Ovulation
Luteal formation
Luteal P4

35
Q

FSH:

Released from:
Class:
Target:
Action: —- development/maturation, increase —- synthesis

A

Anterior
Glycoprotein
Ovary/testis
follicular developement
estrogen

36
Q

Oxytocin:

Released from:
Class:
Target: (3): ——- gland, ———gland, ———
Action: increases —- motility, increases PGF2a, milk ejection

A

Posterior

Peptide

Uterus, Mammary gland, Accessory glands

Uterine motility
Increases PGF2a
Milk ejection

37
Q

Estradiol (E2):

Released from:

Class:

Target: (3) ——-, ——- tract , ——— gland

Action: (4) increase for all 4

A

follicle

steroid

hypothalamus, repro tract, mammary gland

increase sexual behavior, increase GnRH production, increase uterine activity, mammary development

38
Q

inhibin:

Released from:

Class:

Target:

Action:

A

follicle
glycoprotein
pituitary
decrease FSH release

39
Q

Progesterone (P4):

Released from:

Class:

Target:(3) : ———, ——- endothelium/myometrium, ——— glands

Action: —- maintenance, decrease —- behavior, decrease —-, decrease —- activity, and lactation

A

corpus luteum
steroid

hypothalamus, uterine endothelium/myometrium, mammary gland

pregnancy
sexual
GnRH
uterine

40
Q

Relaxin:

Released from:

Class:

Target(3):

Action: soften —- and —-

A

Corpus Leuteum

Protein

Uterus
Cervix
Pelvis

ligaments and cervix

41
Q

testosterone (T):

Released from:

Class:

Target(2):

Action(5): spermatogenesis, increase —- development, decrease —-,
male sex behaviors,
—- maturation

A

Testis

Steroid

Reproductive tract
Muscle

muscle
GnRH
sperm

42
Q

Estradiol:

Released from:

Class:

Target (2):

Action (5): spermatogenesis, increase —- development, decrease —-,
male sex behaviors,
—- maturation

A

Testis

Steroid

Brain and Repro tract

muscle
GnRH
sperm

43
Q

How to convert T to Estradiol

A

Aromatase

44
Q

prostaglandin E2:

Released from:

Class:

Target:

Action (2): —- production, regulate —- tone

A

Uterus

prostaglandin

Ovary

progestrone
muscle

45
Q

prostaglandin F2a:

Released from:

Class:

Target(2):

Action (2): —- P4, uterine —-(ends pregnancy)

A

Uterus

Prostaglandin

Ovary
Uterine myometrium

Decrease progestrone
contraction

46
Q

Progesterone:

Released from:

Class:

Target(3):

Action (2):

A

Placenta

Steroid

Hypothalamus
Uterine
Mammary gland

Pregnancy
decrease sexual, GnRH, uterine activity

47
Q

Chorionic Gonadotropin (CG):

Released from:

Class:

Target:

Action:

A

Placenta
Glycoprotein
Ovary

maintain Progestrone

48
Q

Placental Lactogen:

Released from:

Class:

Target:

Action: prepartum —- development

A

Placenta

Protein

Mammary gland

mammary

49
Q

The endocrine system can be regulated at different levels. 3

A

The quantity of hormones
Availability of hormones
Sensitivity of the target tissue

50
Q

What are the quantity of hormone (3)

A

Synthesis
Release
Elimination

51
Q

What is the availability of hormone

A

Binding protein association

52
Q

What is the sensitivity of the target tissue

A

regulate sensitivity of cell by changing receptor up or down regulation

53
Q

Example of regulating sensitivity of cell

A

Ridlin increases neuroactivity but decreases sensitivity

54
Q

What are the 2 types of control mechanisms for hormones?

A

positive and negative feedback

55
Q

(-) feedback: functions to maintain ______. (ex: ______steroids in males)

A

homeostasis
Gonadal

56
Q

(+) feedback: creates altered physiological states by amplifiying pushes the variable from the set point to achieve specific physiological purpose (ex: ________ in female)

A

GnRH

57
Q

Pulsatility: the way that most —- hormones are secreted. The quantity in circulation is a product of —-, —-, —-. Changes in the Frequency/amplitude dictate the —- of hormone

A

reproductive
Frequency
Amplitude
Elimination
function

58
Q

What is the patterns of hormone secretion

A

Basal
Episodic
Sustained

59
Q

Patterns of hormone Secretion:

Basal: —- hormone levels

Episodic: having an episode of —- release (a spike in a graph)

Sustained: steady —- and plateau

A

Baseline
High
Incline

60
Q

Half life practical implications (3)

A

detection
Dosage
Withdrawl period

61
Q

Glucuronidation or steroid metabolism: Located in —-. A —- molecule is attached to a steroid. This molecule is is very hydro—-. This makes the steroid water —- for destruction. Then it is taken to —-

A

liver
Glucose
hydrophilic
kidney

62
Q

Glycoprotein Excretion: Small glycoproteins are removed directly by the —-. Filtration rate is dependent on —- state. Intact hormones can be detected in —-

A

Kidney
glycosylation state
urine

63
Q
A

ANSC 333 (5 decks)

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