Exam 1/ Lecture 2: 1/23/24 Flashcards by Jasmine Nowels

Lecture 1/23/24

Which part of the vascular system effect the pulse pressure?

Large arteries

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Lecture 1/23/24

What is the pulse pressure

the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure

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True or false: The aorta has a high vasular compliance level than the large arteries

True

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Lecture 1/23/24

What effects does aging have on the blood vessels?
How does that affect the systolic BP?

increasein age causes the blood vessels to become more ridge
increase systolic BP

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Lecture 1/23/24

What is the pulmonary arterial pressure ranges

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25 ( systolic) - 8 (diasyolic)

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Lecture 1/23/24

Why is the pulmonary pulse pressure narrower than the systemic?

due to the pressures are lower than the systemic circit

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Lecture 1/23/24

Waht is happen to the pulse pressure once it reaches the pulmonary capillaries?

the energy is gone and the pulse pressure is eliminated

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Lecture 1/23/24

What is the pressure in the left atrium

2mmhg

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Lecture 1/23/24

What is the MAP for the pulmnary circulation?

16mmhg

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Lecture 1/23/24

Majority of the blood is located in which part of what circulation?

vein, Systemic circulation

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Lecture 1/23/24

What is the percentage of the blood located in the vein in the systemic circulation?

84 %

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Lecture 1/23/24

A large amount of blood can be found in which part of the sysemtic circulation?

Leg

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Lecture 1/23/24

How does decrease in veins return effect the heart?

If we don’t have movement the blood will set there and not be return the heart
Can be a problem when blood is trying to be pump out; no blood returned no blood pump back out

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Lecture 1/23/24

What are the 2 measursing points of blood pressure?
Where are they located?

Aortic baroreceptors on the aortic arch
Carotid bodies in the bifurcationof the internal and external carotid arteries

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Lecture 1/23/24

Which nerve transport feedback information to the brianstem from the aortic barorecerptors?

Vagus nerve

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Lecture 1/23/24

Which 2nerve transport feedback information to the brianstem from the carotid bodies?

Hering’s nerve ( that feeds into the glossopharyngeal nerve)
Glossopharyngeal nerve

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Lecture 1/23/24

All 3 nerves will come encontact with what part of the brainstem?
What does that control?

vascular motor center
cardiovascular control center in the brainstem
Control basic functions
o CV status
o respiratory drive

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Lecture 1/23/24

How does the vascular control center determine if the BP is up?

the pressure inside the vessel increases causing the walls of the blood vessels to be stretch out increasing the permeability of sodium which causes faster firing frequency = more action potentials
as the frequency goes up the brain interrupts that has higher BP

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Lecture 1/23/24

What is the formula to the equation regarding neural control on the BP?

detla I / delta P
( change in firiing freuency / change in pressure)

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Lecture 1/23/24

True or False: With a normal baroreceptors and functionin central nerves system arterial BP does not move from set point unless we are doig an activity

True

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Lecture 1/23/24

What would happen if the baroreceptors are removed

our MAP is about the same
a lot more variability in BP

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Lecture 1/23/24

If the baroreceptors are remove what would happen to a person if the were to go from a sitting to an stand position?

pass out

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Lecture 1/23/24

Clamping the carotid artery distally to the sesnors the body would response by?

The BP was low and increase vascular tone and cardiac output
* Try to correct for the preserved low BP
* By going up by 50mmhg

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Lecture 1/23/24

Clamping the carotid artery proximal to the sesnors the body would response by?

They will not be able to see the changes in the heart

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# Lecture 1/23/24 What would happen to the MAP i and BP if we remove the baroreceptors?

* our MAP is about the same * a lot more variability ## Footnote Slide 37

# Lecture 1/23/24 What are the 4 phase of the pressure volume loop?

* Phase 1 - period of filling * Phase 2 - isovolumetric contraction * Phase 3 - period of ejection * Phase 4 - Isovolumertic ## Footnote Slide 40

# Lecture 1/23/24 What is the ESV ( end -systolic volume? How much blood is left in the ventricle

volume of blood in the left ventricle at the end of the systolic ejection phase 50 ml ## Footnote Slide 40

# Lecture 1/23/24 How does the decrease pressure in the left ventricle compared to the left atrium ( higher pressure) affects the mitral valve ?

it cause it to open ## Footnote Slide 40

# Lecture 1/23/24 How much volume is add to the left ventricle during filling

70ml ## Footnote Slide 40

# Lecture 1/23/24 What happen to the left interventricler pressure at the begininng and end of phase 1

it increase to make sure all the blood is in the ventricle ## Footnote Slide 40

# Lecture 1/23/24 What is the average interventriclar pressure during phase 1?

2 mmhg ## Footnote Slide 40

# Lecture 1/23/24 What is the amont of blood that is push out at the end of phase 1?

10 ml ## Footnote Slide 40

# Lecture 1/23/24 How does the ventricle contracting due to the increasing pressure inside the ventricle which is higher than pressure in the atrium affect the mitral valve?

It closes ## Footnote Slide 40

# Lecture 1/23/24 What happens to the aortic valve at the end of phase 2 beginning of phase 3?

once the pressure in the left ventricle extends over the aorta the aortic valve opens ## Footnote Slide 40

# Lecture 1/23/24 What is the interventricle pressure that allows the aortic valve to open?

80 mmgh, diastolic ## Footnote Slide 40

# Lecture 1/23/24 What is the amount of blood that is ejected out of left ventricle in to the aorta?

120mmhg, or the amount that was filled during phase 1 ## Footnote Slide 40

# Lecture 1/23/24 What is the normal stroke volume? How do you calculate it?

70 mmhg LV EDV - Lv ESV ## Footnote Slide 40

# Lecture 1/23/24 What happens to the aortic valve if pressure in the aorta excess the pressure in the left ventricle ?

aortic valve close ## Footnote Slide 40

# Lecture 1/23/24 What is the beginning of phase 4?

* Closing of the aorta valve is the beginning of phase 4 ## Footnote Slide 40

# Lecture 1/23/24 What happen to the interventricular pressure in phase 4

it decrease raipidly ## Footnote Slide 40

# Lecture 1/23/24 At what point does the mitral valve reopen

o The pressure in the atrium is higher than the left ventricle that opens the mitral valve

# Lecture 1/23/24 What would happen to the pressure loop if the mitra valve leak? What is the body's solution to an non-efffective mitral valve?

* isovolumetric is no longer isovolumetric: because we are losing volume meaning that it cannot be pump forward * Body solution : to expand blood volume to increase CVP to make up the effect of the blood leaking back into the left atrium ## Footnote Slide 40

# Lecture 1/23/24 What is Preload and afterload unit of measurement? Why is preload in this unit

* mmhg * Preload is related to volume- pressure drive the volume into the heart: Filling force can give us more volume ## Footnote Slide 40

# Lecture 1/23/24 What is preload range of pressure during phase 1?

2-6 mmgh ## Footnote Slide 40

# Lecture 1/23/24 What is the defination of afterload? What is the amount of afterload for the heart?

* Load, pressure or force that heart have to pump against * 80mmhg ## Footnote Slide 40

# Lecture 1/23/24 How does high afterload affects the left ventricle?

It means that the heart will have to generate more pressure to open up the valve: problems will occur it the heart is unhealth ## Footnote Slide 40

# Lecture 1/23/24 How is the contration illlustrated in a pressure volume loop?

* Illustrated in the pressure volume loops by looking at the top left corner then having a x- intercept to the left of the loop( does not matter where it is place as long as you are consent) * The slope of the line that intercept at the top left corner and x- axis Steeper the slope of the higher the contractility Low contractility the left top corner of the curve would be in a different area and the slope of the line would be less steep ## Footnote Slide 40

# Lecture 1/23/24 True or false: the ability for the heart to change Stroke volume is related to preload and afterload.

* False, The ability of the heart to change its stroke volume complete separate from preload and after load * The only way to do that is by affecting the heart cells itself ## Footnote Slide 40

# Lecture 1/23/24 Placing the pressure volume loop into the function curves tells us what about the heart?

* How much blood is the heart pumping which is related to how much blood the heart is filling ## Footnote Slide 39

# Lecture 1/23/24 What can limit the amount of blood coming out of the heart.

Venous return ## Footnote Slide 44

# Lecture What is the CO of the heart under normal sympathetic stimultion?

13 L/min ## Footnote Slide 44

What is the CO of the heart under maximum sympathetic stimultion?

* Can increase up to 25 L per min , due to the heart is pumping very hard and fast ## Footnote Slide 44

# Lecture 1/23/24 What would happen if the parasympathetic stimulation was removed

CO will go up ## Footnote Slide 44

# Lecture 1/23/24 What would happen we remove the sympathetic system?

* drop the cardiac output down a little Not a lot of sympathetic stimulation in resting condition ## Footnote Slide 44

# Lecture 1/23/24 Regarding contractility, how is that illustrated on the graph

* Higher contractility the steeper the slope of each curve * Less contractility the slope is not that steep (Flatter) ## Footnote Slide 44

# Lecture 1/23/24 Under normal conditions what is the venous return with a right atrial pressure of 0?

5 L/ min ## Footnote Slide 42

# Lecture 1/23/24 Under normal conditions what is the venous return with a right atrial pressure less than 0?

venous return will have more blood ( more than 5L) to enter the right atrium ## Footnote Slide 42

# Lecture 1/23/24 What is the maximum amount venous return to the right atrial with a pressure less than 0?

6 L/ min, then it plateu out ## Footnote SLide 42

# Lecture 1/23/24 How is the venous return able to plateu out to 6L /min

* Large veins filling the right atrium is very compliant * Really negative right atrium pressure will collapse the vein from the inside (like a vacuum) * Limited how much can be suck in ## Footnote Slide 42

# Lecture 1/23/24 What is the maximum amount venous return to the right atrial with a pressure greater than 0?

0 mmhg ## Footnote Slide 42

# Lecture 1/23/24 What has cause venous return to be less with a right artial pressure greater than 0?

* Delta pressure has been reduced * Making it harder for the blood to enter the right atrium ## Footnote Slide 42

# Lecture 1/23/24 Why does the venous return pressure stop at 7mmhg ?

because the delta pressure would be 0 mmhg ## Footnote slide 42

# Lecture 1/23/24 What does Psf stand for

Mean Systemic filling pressure = 7 ## Footnote Slide 42

# Lecture 1/23/24 How does the body regulate venous return fucntion?

by adjusting Psf ## Footnote Slide 42

How do the body adjust the Psf?

* increasing / decreasing volume * increasing/ decreasing venous tone ## Footnote Slide 42

# Lecture 1/23/24 What happen when we increase CVP/ right atrial pressure | 3 benefits

* That the enhance filling pressure would put more volume into the heart * Heart would pump out what ever excess volume it was being filled with * Heart has the ability to do more work with enhance filling ## Footnote Slide 43

# Lecture 1/23/24 What happen when we increase CVP/ right atrial pressure affects the frank sterling mech.?

o Has the heart fills with more blood the cross bridges are better in line leading to a better stroke volume ## Footnote Slide 43

What is a direct atrial stess reflex? How is it activate?

* Electrical system that response to the expansion of the right atrium by increasing heart by 15%: Leads to a small increase in heart rate * increasing heart rate due to an internal pathway ## Footnote Slide 43

# Lecture 1/23/24 Whats is the 2nd reflex that is affected by the increase in heart rate; however it is more of an external circuit?

Bainbridge reflex  Occurs when the heart rate increases in response to a rise in atrial pressure ## Footnote Slide 43