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A &P II Spring 2024 > Exam 1/ Lecture 1: 1/22/24 > Flashcards

Exam 1/ Lecture 1: 1/22/24 Flashcards

1
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

Why is it important to understand the formulas to renal clearence?

A

Keeping track of gases is very similar of how we keep track of electro. in the kidney

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2
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What is free water clearance?

A
  • it relates to the body getting rid of water to de to over hydration
  • the more water the kidney is getting rid of the higher the number
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3
Q

1/22/24

What is Clearance

A

How much of the plasma was filtered of stuff that we do not want to keep

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4
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What is the measurement use to measure clearance?

A

ml/min

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5
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

As the cardiovasular system travel distal from the heart why does the pressure decrease?

A

as we go across distally the pressure decrease due to a decrease in the resistance

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6
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What is the MAPs formula?

A

SBP + 1/3 (SBP - DBP)

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7
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What is the MAP and BP that we will be using for class

A

MAP: 100mmhg
BP: 120/80

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8
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What is the average starting pressue in the systemic side of the cardiovasular system?

A

100mmhg

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9
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What is the CVP at the right atrium of a health person

A

0

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10
Q

1/22/24

What is the pressure at the end of the systemic circualtion low or high

A

End of the systemic circulation is the central vein Vena Cava) that is attached to the right atrium the pressure will be really low

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11
Q

1/22/24

What type of vessel is at the end of the systemic circulation?

A

central vein

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12
Q

What is the CVP at the right atrium of a non -health person and why

A

greater than 0, due to increase in pressure and volume

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13
Q

What is the delta pressure at the beginning and end of the systemic circulation?

A

100 -0

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14
Q

1/22/24

What would happen to the blood if the delta pressure would change outside the range?

A

it would affect the velocity of the blood

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15
Q

1/22/24

Why is the pulmonary circulation pressure much lower?

A

due to a decrease in vascular resistance

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16
Q

1/22/24

True or false: SVR <PVR

A

False, SVR (systemic vascular resistance) > PVR (pulmonary vascular resistance) due to resistance

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17
Q

1/22/24

When comparing the values of the SVR and PVR, the PVR is how much of the SVR?

A

1/7

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18
Q

True or False: Pulmonary circuit distance is shorter compared to the Systemic?

A

True

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19
Q

1/22/24

What is the delta pressure at the end of the pulmonary circulation

A

2mmhg

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20
Q

1/22/24

What is the pressure range on the left ventricle?
What causes the range of variability ?

A

0 -120 mmhg
filling ( pressures are low), force generation and ejection (pressure is high to overcome the resistance of the aorta valve)

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21
Q

During the pumping of the heart when is the pressure most high in the aorta?

A

diastole

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22
Q

What is the pressure ranges in the aorta?

A

80 - 120 mmhg

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23
Q

1/22/24

What happen to the pressure within the large arteries?

A

it widens, systolic pressure goes up and diastolic goes down

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24
Q

1/22/24

Why do the pulse pressure widens in the large arteries?

A

due to the rigidness of the vessels, less compliant than the aorta

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25
Q

1/22/24

True or False: The MAP changes in the large arteries?

A

False

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26
Q

1/22/24

What determines what happens to the fluid in the capillaries?

A

Capillary forces

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27
Q

1/22/24

What is the delta pressure in the capillaries?
What is the pressure on the artery side of the capillary?
What is the pressure on the vein side of the capillary?

A

Delta pressure: 20mmhg
Artery side: 30 mmhg
Vein side: 10mmhg

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28
Q

What is the pressures in the systemic capillary:
* Capillary pressure (Pc)
* Plasma colloid osmotic pressure (Piep)
* Interstitial fluid pressure (Pif)
* Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure (Pieif)

A
  • Capillary pressure (Pc)
    30 – arterial
    10 – veinous
  • Plasma colloid osmotic pressure (Piep)
    28
  • Interstitial fluid pressure (Pif)
    -3
  • Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure pressure (Pieif)
    8
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29
Q

1/22/24

Reabsorbtion takes place on what end of the capillaries?

A

venous

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30
Q

1/22/24

Filtration takes place on what end of the capillaries?

A

Arteriole

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31
Q

1/22/4

What system picks up the extra fluid that is filited

A

lympathic system

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32
Q

1/22/24

Which atrium is responsable for electical conduction and heart beat?

A

Right atrium

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33
Q

1/22/24

True or False: The right atrial kick is needed to filll the ventricle in a health person?

A

False

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34
Q

1/22/24

Which Vasuclar structure is more suited for transfer of fluid and gases

A

capillaries

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35
Q

1/22//24

Which vascular vessel is the primary resistance vessels that control blood flow through out the body?

A

arterioles

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36
Q

1/22/24

Why are the internal walls of the arterioles so thick?

A

to accommdate smooth muscle to regulate resistance

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37
Q

1/22/24

What would affect the one way valve in the veins causing them not to work?

A

Sick
Increase in volume

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38
Q

1/22/24

What is the total cross setional area of the aorta

A

4.5 cm2

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39
Q

1/22/24

What is the total cross setional area of the Venae Cavae?

A

18cm2

40
Q

1/22/24

Why is the venae cavae total cross sectional area is larger than the aorta?

A

2 large veins emptying into the right atrium were as only one leaving the left ventricle

41
Q

1/22/24

Which automic system can be found near every blood vessels that excreates norpei. ?

A

Sympathetic nerves system

42
Q

1/22/24

Norepi is used to maintain what in the heart at rest

A

muscle tone

43
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

Which part of the vascular system does not have Sympathetic neurons

A

capillaries, due to they are only 1 cell thick

44
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

Contracting which vascular vessel by the help of the sympathetic system gives us our normal CV sysem?

A

Vein, maintain there tone to get blood back to the heart

45
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What is the order of the vascular vessels that is stimulated by the sympathetic nerves system?

A
  1. Veins
  2. venules
  3. arterioles
  4. arteries
46
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

Where does most of our blood regarding the blood distribution?
What is the percentage of the amount?

A

Veins, systemic circulation
84%

47
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What is the percentage amount of blood within the pulmonary circiut

A

9%

48
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What is the total blood volume amount of cardiac output each min in a 70kg health male?

A

5L

49
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What is the percentage of blood that is contain in the heart?

A

7%

50
Q

Lecturce 1/22/24

The 7% of blood left in the heart also consist of the blood left in which chambers of the heart

A

Both atriums
Both venticles

51
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What is the percentage amount of blood distribution in these area:
* Arteries
* Arterioles and capillaries
* Veins, venules and venous sinuses

A

Arteries 13%
Arterioles and capillaries 7%
Veins, venules and venous sinuses 64%

52
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

Which organ in the body stores Hbg and red blood cells in case of an emergency

A

Spleen

53
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What happen upsteam when a tissue increase its metabolism?

A

The tissue upsteam relaxes and increases its blood flow

54
Q

Lecture 1/22.24

What is the Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure of albumin?

A

21.8 mmhg

55
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What is the Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure of Globulins?

A

6.0 mmhg

56
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What is the Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure of fibrinogin?

A

0.2mmhg

57
Q

lecture 1/22/24

Between albumin, globulin and fibrinogen which one as the largest Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure?

A

Albumin

58
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What are some ways that the capillaries communicate with the tissue upsteam?

A
  • Gases ( decrease in O2 in the tissue, increase in CO2 in the tissue)
  • Acids
  • Metabolic by products
59
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

How does blood in the vein return to the heart?

A

By the contraction and relaxation of the skeletal muscles

60
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What will happen to the blood in the vein if the patient is given a paralytic?

A

pools in the veins, If we paralyze someone they no longer have an effective pump to return fluid back to the heart or through the cardiovascular system

61
Q

Lecture 1/22/23

How much column of blood vessels is between the heart and the large veins in the foot?

A

1.5 meters

62
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

True or False: Pressure in the foot is going to be lower in a person that is standing up right than the heart?

A

False, pressure in the foot is going to higer

63
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What is the amount of extra pressure that is excreated by the 1.5m of extra column between the heart and feet?

A

90mmhg

64
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What is the preassure of the large vein close to the heart

A

0mmhg

65
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

Which postion of the patient is the gravity effects blood pressure most pronounce?

A

Upright

66
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

At what part of the heart is the point of orgin for measuring pressure

A

tricuspid valve

67
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

Where is the Static /isogravimetric point located in the heart

A

middle of the tricuspid valve of the heart

68
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

Regarding the large arteries in foot what would be the pressure of a patient standing up right with a blood pressure of 100 mmhg?

A

190 mmhg

69
Q

Lecture 1/22/24/

For each 1.36 cm under the heart how much pressure is generated?

A

1 mmhg

70
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

How does the leg vasular pressures change by standing upright affects the delta pressure?

A

It stays the same, just work harder to maintain

71
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

How does compression of the skeletal muscle in the legs affect the movement of the blood back to the heart?

A

it causes the blood to move in one direction

72
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What would happen to a soldier that stand attention without moving their legs?

A

They will black out due to the lack of blood returing to their body

73
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What would happen to a rigid vein within the brain if it is expose to atmophereic?

A

blood vessel will stay open due to the rigidness

74
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What type of veins cannot collapse on themselves if expose to atmosphereic pressure and why?

A

Crainal Sinus , They are rigid, made of fibrous tissue extension of the dura

75
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

Would an air embolus form in the vein of a patient that has their arm above the heart while inserting an IV and why.

A

No, because the vein is not rigid therefore it would collaspe

76
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What is the measured pressure around the brachial area of the arm by the axillary area would be effected by gravity?

A

ranging between 6 - 8mmhg

77
Q

lecture 1/22/24

Why is there a different in pressure in the arm if it is at the level of the heart?

A

The anatomy of the upper extremities causes the veins to go up above the lung which is above the reference point ( tricuspid valve) before circling around and returning to the right atrium

78
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

The CV variable biophysics is varations of what type of law

A

Ohms

Slide 21

79
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

In reference to the Ohms law what does the v, I, R represent in correlation to the CV system?

A

V = Delta P
I = flow
R = vacular resistance

Slide 21

80
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What is the inverse of conductance

A

resistance

Slide 21

81
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

The conductance is depended on what part of the blood vessel

A

diameter

Slide 21

82
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What is the meaning of vasucular compliance and the formula

A

A term that describes how stretchy the walls of the container are

Increase in volume / increase in pressue

Slide 21

83
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

True or False: low compliance accept blood volume really easy

A

False

Slide 21

84
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

Between a vein and artery, which one has the better vascualr compliance

A

vein

Slide 21

85
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What is the formula for Vascular distenibility?

A

increase in volume/ increase in pressure x originial volume

Slide 21

86
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

How does the orginal volume (small or large) affect the vacular distensibility ?

A
  • The higher the original volume the smaller (less) the distensibility will be
  • The smaller the original volume the larger (more) the distensibility will be

Slide 21

87
Q

1/22/24

What part of a vascular vessel can affect the delta p?

A

Change in the radius

slide 22

88
Q

1/22/24

What causes turblent flow?

A

an occlusion blocking the flow

Slide 24

89
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

Out of the 2 flows, which one is quiter and why?

A

laminar, due to the orderly flow

Slide 24

90
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What is the name of the formula and why is it use?

A

Reinols number
it gives a hypothetical number that predicts the likehood of experience turbulent flow

Slide 24

91
Q

Lecuture 1/22/24

What does the V ad D stand for in the reinal number and how does affect the number ?

A
  • V = velocity, the faster the blood is going in the tube more likely it would run into something
  • D = diameter, the larger diameter more likely to have turbulent flow

Slide 24

92
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

If the volume increase in the arteries how will that effect the pressure?

A

Add volume = the pressure will increase ( A lot)

Slide 25

93
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

if the volume increase in the veins how will that effect the pressure?

A

Add volume = the pressure will increase ( not that much)

Slide 25

94
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What would happen it we have normal volume level within the artery and stimulate the sympathetic nerves system?

A

The BP would increase alot

Slide 25

95
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What would happen it we have normal volume level within the artery and inhibit the sympathetic nerves system?

A

The BP would decrese

Slide 25

96
Q

Lecture 1/22/24

What would happen it we have normal volume level within the vein and inhibit the sympathetic nerves system?

A

the pressure drops dramaticly

Slide 25

A &P II Spring 2024 (11 decks)

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