Exam 1/ Lecture 1: 1/22/24 Flashcards by Jasmine Nowels

Lecture 1/22/24

Why is it important to understand the formulas to renal clearence?

Keeping track of gases is very similar of how we keep track of electro. in the kidney

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Lecture 1/22/24

What is free water clearance?

it relates to the body getting rid of water to de to over hydration
the more water the kidney is getting rid of the higher the number

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1/22/24

What is Clearance

How much of the plasma was filtered of stuff that we do not want to keep

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Lecture 1/22/24

What is the measurement use to measure clearance?

ml/min

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Lecture 1/22/24

As the cardiovasular system travel distal from the heart why does the pressure decrease?

as we go across distally the pressure decrease due to a decrease in the resistance

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Lecture 1/22/24

What is the MAPs formula?

SBP + 1/3 (SBP - DBP)

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Lecture 1/22/24

What is the MAP and BP that we will be using for class

MAP: 100mmhg
BP: 120/80

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Lecture 1/22/24

What is the average starting pressue in the systemic side of the cardiovasular system?

100mmhg

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Lecture 1/22/24

What is the CVP at the right atrium of a health person

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1/22/24

What is the pressure at the end of the systemic circualtion low or high

End of the systemic circulation is the central vein Vena Cava) that is attached to the right atrium the pressure will be really low

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1/22/24

What type of vessel is at the end of the systemic circulation?

central vein

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What is the CVP at the right atrium of a non -health person and why

greater than 0, due to increase in pressure and volume

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What is the delta pressure at the beginning and end of the systemic circulation?

100 -0

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1/22/24

What would happen to the blood if the delta pressure would change outside the range?

it would affect the velocity of the blood

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1/22/24

Why is the pulmonary circulation pressure much lower?

due to a decrease in vascular resistance

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1/22/24

True or false: SVR <PVR

False, SVR (systemic vascular resistance) > PVR (pulmonary vascular resistance) due to resistance

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1/22/24

When comparing the values of the SVR and PVR, the PVR is how much of the SVR?

1/7

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True or False: Pulmonary circuit distance is shorter compared to the Systemic?

True

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1/22/24

What is the delta pressure at the end of the pulmonary circulation

2mmhg

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1/22/24

What is the pressure range on the left ventricle?
What causes the range of variability ?

0 -120 mmhg
filling ( pressures are low), force generation and ejection (pressure is high to overcome the resistance of the aorta valve)

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During the pumping of the heart when is the pressure most high in the aorta?

diastole

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What is the pressure ranges in the aorta?

80 - 120 mmhg

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1/22/24

What happen to the pressure within the large arteries?

it widens, systolic pressure goes up and diastolic goes down

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1/22/24

Why do the pulse pressure widens in the large arteries?

due to the rigidness of the vessels, less compliant than the aorta

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# 1/22/24 True or False: The MAP changes in the large arteries?

False

# 1/22/24 What determines what happens to the fluid in the capillaries?

Capillary forces

# 1/22/24 What is the delta pressure in the capillaries? What is the pressure on the artery side of the capillary? What is the pressure on the vein side of the capillary?

Delta pressure: 20mmhg Artery side: 30 mmhg Vein side: 10mmhg

What is the pressures in the systemic capillary: * Capillary pressure (Pc) * Plasma colloid osmotic pressure (Piep) * Interstitial fluid pressure (Pif) * Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure (Pieif)

* Capillary pressure (Pc) 30 – arterial 10 – veinous * Plasma colloid osmotic pressure (Piep) 28 * Interstitial fluid pressure (Pif) -3 * Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure pressure (Pieif) 8

# 1/22/24 Reabsorbtion takes place on what end of the capillaries?

venous

# 1/22/24 Filtration takes place on what end of the capillaries?

Arteriole

# 1/22/4 What system picks up the extra fluid that is filited

lympathic system

# 1/22/24 Which atrium is responsable for electical conduction and heart beat?

Right atrium

# 1/22/24 True or False: The right atrial kick is needed to filll the ventricle in a health person?

False

# 1/22/24 Which Vasuclar structure is more suited for transfer of fluid and gases

capillaries

# 1/22//24 Which vascular vessel is the primary resistance vessels that control blood flow through out the body?

arterioles

# 1/22/24 Why are the internal walls of the arterioles so thick?

to accommdate smooth muscle to regulate resistance

# 1/22/24 What would affect the one way valve in the veins causing them not to work?

Sick Increase in volume

# 1/22/24 What is the total cross setional area of the aorta

4.5 cm2

# 1/22/24 What is the total cross setional area of the Venae Cavae?

18cm2

# 1/22/24 Why is the venae cavae total cross sectional area is larger than the aorta?

2 large veins emptying into the right atrium were as only one leaving the left ventricle

# 1/22/24 Which automic system can be found near every blood vessels that excreates norpei. ?

Sympathetic nerves system

# 1/22/24 Norepi is used to maintain what in the heart at rest

muscle tone

# Lecture 1/22/24 Which part of the vascular system does not have Sympathetic neurons

capillaries, due to they are only 1 cell thick

# Lecture 1/22/24 Contracting which vascular vessel by the help of the sympathetic system gives us our normal CV sysem?

Vein, maintain there tone to get blood back to the heart

# Lecture 1/22/24 What is the order of the vascular vessels that is stimulated by the sympathetic nerves system?

1. Veins 2. venules 3. arterioles 4. arteries

# Lecture 1/22/24 Where does most of our blood regarding the blood distribution? What is the percentage of the amount?

Veins, systemic circulation 84%

# Lecture 1/22/24 What is the percentage amount of blood within the pulmonary circiut

# Lecture 1/22/24 What is the total blood volume amount of cardiac output each min in a 70kg health male?

# Lecture 1/22/24 What is the percentage of blood that is contain in the heart?

# Lecturce 1/22/24 The 7% of blood left in the heart also consist of the blood left in which chambers of the heart

Both atriums Both venticles

# Lecture 1/22/24 What is the percentage amount of blood distribution in these area: * Arteries * Arterioles and capillaries * Veins, venules and venous sinuses

Arteries 13% Arterioles and capillaries 7% Veins, venules and venous sinuses 64%

# Lecture 1/22/24 Which organ in the body stores Hbg and red blood cells in case of an emergency

Spleen

# Lecture 1/22/24 What happen upsteam when a tissue increase its metabolism?

The tissue upsteam relaxes and increases its blood flow

# Lecture 1/22.24 What is the Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure of albumin?

21.8 mmhg

# Lecture 1/22/24 What is the Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure of Globulins?

6.0 mmhg

# Lecture 1/22/24 What is the Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure of fibrinogin?

0.2mmhg

# lecture 1/22/24 Between albumin, globulin and fibrinogen which one as the largest Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure?

Albumin

# Lecture 1/22/24 What are some ways that the capillaries communicate with the tissue upsteam?

* Gases ( decrease in O2 in the tissue, increase in CO2 in the tissue) * Acids * Metabolic by products

# Lecture 1/22/24 How does blood in the vein return to the heart?

By the contraction and relaxation of the skeletal muscles

# Lecture 1/22/24 What will happen to the blood in the vein if the patient is given a paralytic?

pools in the veins, If we paralyze someone they no longer have an effective pump to return fluid back to the heart or through the cardiovascular system

# Lecture 1/22/23 How much column of blood vessels is between the heart and the large veins in the foot?

1.5 meters

# Lecture 1/22/24 True or False: Pressure in the foot is going to be lower in a person that is standing up right than the heart?

False, pressure in the foot is going to higer

# Lecture 1/22/24 What is the amount of extra pressure that is excreated by the 1.5m of extra column between the heart and feet?

90mmhg

# Lecture 1/22/24 What is the preassure of the large vein close to the heart

0mmhg

# Lecture 1/22/24 Which postion of the patient is the gravity effects blood pressure most pronounce?

Upright

# Lecture 1/22/24 At what part of the heart is the point of orgin for measuring pressure

tricuspid valve

# Lecture 1/22/24 Where is the Static /isogravimetric point located in the heart

middle of the tricuspid valve of the heart

# Lecture 1/22/24 Regarding the large arteries in foot what would be the pressure of a patient standing up right with a blood pressure of 100 mmhg?

190 mmhg

# Lecture 1/22/24/ For each 1.36 cm under the heart how much pressure is generated?

1 mmhg

# Lecture 1/22/24 How does the leg vasular pressures change by standing upright affects the delta pressure?

It stays the same, just work harder to maintain

# Lecture 1/22/24 How does compression of the skeletal muscle in the legs affect the movement of the blood back to the heart?

it causes the blood to move in one direction

# Lecture 1/22/24 What would happen to a soldier that stand attention without moving their legs?

They will black out due to the lack of blood returing to their body

# Lecture 1/22/24 What would happen to a rigid vein within the brain if it is expose to atmophereic?

blood vessel will stay open due to the rigidness

# Lecture 1/22/24 What type of veins cannot collapse on themselves if expose to atmosphereic pressure and why?

Crainal Sinus , They are rigid, made of fibrous tissue extension of the dura

# Lecture 1/22/24 Would an air embolus form in the vein of a patient that has their arm above the heart while inserting an IV and why.

No, because the vein is not rigid therefore it would collaspe

# Lecture 1/22/24 What is the measured pressure around the brachial area of the arm by the axillary area would be effected by gravity?

ranging between 6 - 8mmhg

# lecture 1/22/24 Why is there a different in pressure in the arm if it is at the level of the heart?

The anatomy of the upper extremities causes the veins to go up above the lung which is above the reference point ( tricuspid valve) before circling around and returning to the right atrium

# Lecture 1/22/24 The CV variable biophysics is varations of what type of law

Ohms ## Footnote Slide 21

# Lecture 1/22/24 In reference to the Ohms law what does the v, I, R represent in correlation to the CV system?

V = Delta P I = flow R = vacular resistance ## Footnote Slide 21

# Lecture 1/22/24 What is the inverse of conductance

resistance ## Footnote Slide 21

# Lecture 1/22/24 The conductance is depended on what part of the blood vessel

diameter ## Footnote Slide 21

# Lecture 1/22/24 What is the meaning of vasucular compliance and the formula

A term that describes how stretchy the walls of the container are Increase in volume / increase in pressue ## Footnote Slide 21

# Lecture 1/22/24 True or False: low compliance accept blood volume really easy

False ## Footnote Slide 21

# Lecture 1/22/24 Between a vein and artery, which one has the better vascualr compliance

vein ## Footnote Slide 21

# Lecture 1/22/24 What is the formula for Vascular distenibility?

increase in volume/ increase in pressure x originial volume ## Footnote Slide 21

# Lecture 1/22/24 How does the orginal volume (small or large) affect the vacular distensibility ?

* The higher the original volume the smaller (less) the distensibility will be * The smaller the original volume the larger (more) the distensibility will be ## Footnote Slide 21

# 1/22/24 What part of a vascular vessel can affect the delta p?

Change in the radius ## Footnote slide 22

# 1/22/24 What causes turblent flow?

an occlusion blocking the flow ## Footnote Slide 24

# Lecture 1/22/24 Out of the 2 flows, which one is quiter and why?

laminar, due to the orderly flow ## Footnote Slide 24

# Lecture 1/22/24 What is the name of the formula and why is it use?

Reinols number it gives a hypothetical number that predicts the likehood of experience turbulent flow ## Footnote Slide 24

# Lecuture 1/22/24 What does the V ad D stand for in the reinal number and how does affect the number ?

* V = velocity, the faster the blood is going in the tube more likely it would run into something * D = diameter, the larger diameter more likely to have turbulent flow ## Footnote Slide 24

# Lecture 1/22/24 If the volume increase in the arteries how will that effect the pressure?

Add volume = the pressure will increase ( A lot) ## Footnote Slide 25

# Lecture 1/22/24 if the volume increase in the veins how will that effect the pressure?

Add volume = the pressure will increase ( not that much) ## Footnote Slide 25

# Lecture 1/22/24 What would happen it we have normal volume level within the artery and stimulate the sympathetic nerves system?

The BP would increase alot ## Footnote Slide 25

# Lecture 1/22/24 What would happen it we have normal volume level within the artery and inhibit the sympathetic nerves system?

The BP would decrese ## Footnote Slide 25

# Lecture 1/22/24 What would happen it we have normal volume level within the vein and inhibit the sympathetic nerves system?

the pressure drops dramaticly ## Footnote Slide 25