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Gross Anatomy > Exam 1 Lecture > Flashcards

Exam 1 Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

The branch of anatomy that deals with the structure of organs and tissues that are visible to the naked eye.

A

gross anatomy

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2
Q

A branch of anatomy that relies on the use of microscopes to examine the smallest structures of the body, tissues, cells, and molecules.

A

microscopic anatomy

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3
Q

The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.

A

Physiology

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4
Q

A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to function and survive correctly.

A

Homeostasis

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5
Q

Vertical plane passing through the center of the body.

A

median plane

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6
Q

Vertical plane passing through the body parallel to the median plane.

A

sagittal plane

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7
Q

Vertical plane passing through the body at right angles to the sagittal plane.

A

frontal plane

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8
Q

Horizontal plane passing through the body at right angles to the sagittal and frontal planes.

A

transverse plane

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9
Q

Plane passing through the body at an angle other than 90 degrees.

A

oblique plane

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10
Q

Supports organs and other tissues structurally or metabolically. Has much intercellular substance and few, widely scattered cells.

A

connective tissue

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11
Q

Type of connective tissue that included loose and dense connective tissue.

A

connective tissue proper

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12
Q

Connective tissue that fills the spaces between the different organs and connects the skin to the underlying muscles.

A

areolar

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13
Q

Connective tissue that forms a scaffolding for other cells in several organs, scubas lymph nodes and bone marrow.

A

reticular

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14
Q

Connective tissue that occurs as subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, and intramuscular fat.

A

adipose

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15
Q

Type of connective tissue that makes up tendons.

A

regular

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16
Q

Type of connective tissue that makes up ligaments.

A

elastic

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17
Q

Type of connective tissue that makes up the deep dermis.

A

irregular

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18
Q

Type of cartilage that makes up the trachea, costal cartilages, and joint surfaces.

A

hyaline

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19
Q

Type of cartilage that makes up the external ear.

A

elastic

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20
Q

Type of cartilage that makes up intervertebral discs.

A

irregular

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21
Q

The part of the skeleton that is made up of the skull, vertebral column, rib cage, and hyoid bone.

A

axial skeleton

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22
Q

The part of the skeleton that is made up of the pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle.

A

appendicular skeleton

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23
Q

Type of muscle tissue that is voluntary, striated, has large cylindrical cells, sarcomeres, and is multinucleated.

A

skeletal muscle

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24
Q

Type of muscle tissue that is involuntary, has small spindle shaped cells, and is uninucliated.

A

smooth muscle

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25
Q

Type of muscle tissue that is involuntary, striated, has small branched cells, intercalated discs, modified sarcomeres, and is uninucliated.

A

cardiac muscle

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26
Q

Thin sheets of tissue that cover structures or line cavities.

A

membranes

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27
Q

Type of membrane that includes the epithelium, CT proper, and dense irregular CT.

A

cutaneous

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28
Q

Type of membrane that lines cavities that are open to the exterior. Secretes mucin to protect and lubricate.

A

mucous

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29
Q

Type of membrane that lines the body cavities that are closed to the exterior and organs. Produce a thin, watery fluid.

A

serous

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30
Q

Type of membrane that lines synovial joint cavities, produces a viscous liquid to reduce friction in joints, and does not have an epithelial component.

A

synovial

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31
Q

Known as vertebra prominens, is the start of the thorax.

A

C7

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32
Q

Layers of the thoracic wall.

A

Skin, superficial fascia, deep fascia

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33
Q

Artery that extends from the aorta/brachiocephalic trunk to the lateral edge of the first rib. Supplies the anterior thoracic wall.

A

subclavian

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34
Q

Artery that branches off the first part of the subclavian artery and gives off the anterior intercostal artery.

A

internal thoracic (mamamry)

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35
Q

Artery that extends from the lateral edge of the first rib to the inferior border of the teres major. Divides into three parts by the pectorals minor muscle.

A

axillary

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36
Q

Artery that branches from the second part of the axillary artery. Has a clavicular, acromial, deltoid, and pectoral artery.

A

thoracoacromial trunk

37
Q

Supplies the posterior thoracic wall and gives off posterior intercostal arteries.

A

descending aorta

38
Q

Portion of the mediastinum bordered by the manubrium, T1-T4 vertebrae, superior thoracic aperture, plane through the sternal angle, and lungs.

A

superior mediastinum

39
Q

Portion of the mediastinum bordered by the body of sternum, T5-T12 vertebrae, plane through the sternal angle, diaphragm, and lungs.

A

inferior mediastinum

40
Q

Portion of the mediastinum bordered by the body of sternum and anterior wall of the pericardium.

A

anterior mediastinum

41
Q

Portion of the mediastinum that is bordered by the anterior and posterior wall of the pericardium.

A

middle mediastinum

42
Q

Portion of the mediastinum bordered by the the posterior wall of the pericardium and the T5-T12 vertebrae.

A

posterior mediastinum

43
Q

Collects interstitial fluid and returns it to the blood stream, transports fat to the bloodstream, and provides protection by destroying bacteria and viruses, foreign antigens, and dead cells.

A

lymphatic system

44
Q

Nonspecific immunity

A

innate immunity

45
Q

Immunity that is acquired either naturally or artificially.

46
Q

Components of the lymphatic system

A

cells, lymph, lymphatic structures, and organs

47
Q

Interstitial fluid collected into lymphatic vessels.

48
Q

Drains into the R subclavian vein at the R venous angle. Drains the R side of the head and neck, R upper limb, and R half of the thorax.

A

R lymphatic duct

49
Q

Begins at cisterna chyli in intestines, ascends from the abdomen to diaphragm by passing through the aortic opening, ascends the R side of the thorax between the aorta and azygos vein, crosses to L side posterior to the esophagus, empties near the L venous angle, and drains the L side of the head and neck, L upper limb, L side of thorax, and entire lower body.

A

thoracic duct

50
Q

Bi-lobed structure found in the superior mediastinum that is only functional in children and adolescents. Is the site of differentiation of T cells and forms permanent immunity system using memory T cells.

51
Q

Structural classifications of the nervous system.

A

CNS and PNS

52
Q

Functional classifications of the nervous system.

A

somatic and autonomic

53
Q

Portion of the nervous system composed of the brain and spinal cord.

54
Q

Portion of the nervous system composed of cranial and spinal nerves.

55
Q

Portion of the nervous system that is voluntary.

56
Q

Portion of the nervous system that is involuntary.

57
Q

Division of the somatic nervous system that transmits information about sensations like pain, temperature, touch, etc. and proprioception.

A

somatic sensory

58
Q

Division of the somatic nervous system that transmits information regarding the movement of skeletal muscle.

A

somatic motor

59
Q

Division of the autonomic nervous system that supplies the viscera of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis.

60
Q

Division of the autonomic nervous system that supplies cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands.

61
Q

Divisions of the efferent ANS.

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

62
Q

Bundle of nerve axons in the CNS.

63
Q

Bundle of nerve axons in the PNS.

64
Q

Collection of neuron cell bodies in the CNS.

65
Q

Collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS.

66
Q

Group of axons within a connective tissue sheath within a nerve.

67
Q

Network of nerves.

68
Q

Delicate CT covering surrounding an individual nerve fiber.

A

endoneurium

69
Q

Layer of dense CT surrounding a fascicle.

A

perineurium

70
Q

Thick sheath of loose CT surrounding an entire nerve.

A

epineurium

71
Q

Nerve whose synaptic terminal enter into a synapse.

A

presynaptic

72
Q

Neuron whose dendrites receive information from a synapse.

A

postsynaptic

73
Q

A nerve fiber which carries information towards the CNS.

A

afferent (sensory)

74
Q

A nerve fiber which carries information toward he PNS.

A

efferent (motor)

75
Q

Pumps blood throughout the body, driving cardiovascular system. Located in the thorax in the mediastinum oriented toward the L side of the body. Surrounded by pericardium.

76
Q

Surface of the heart deep to the sternum and ribs. Made up of the R atrium and R ventricle with some L ventricle.

A

sternocostal surface (anterior)

77
Q

Surface of the heart in contact with the lowest border of the thorax. Contains R and L ventricles and part of the R atrium.

A

diaphragmatic surface (inferior)

78
Q

Surface of the heart in the back. Contains the L and part of R atrium and some L ventricle.

A

base (posterior)

79
Q

Serous membrane covering of the heart.

A

pericardium

80
Q

Rough pericardium.

81
Q

Smooth pericardium.

82
Q

A real space located behind the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk, as they rise from the superior border of the heart. Found next to the SVC.

A

transverse pericardial sinus

83
Q

A potential space found between the posterior surface of the heart and the posterior wall of the parietal pericardium.

A

oblique pericardial sinus

84
Q

Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Divides into R and L pulmonary arteries.

A

pulmonary trunk

85
Q

Carry oxygenated blood to the heart. Two come from each side.

A

pulmonary veins

86
Q

Carries oxygenated blood to the body.

87
Q

Returns deoxygenated blood from he body to the R atrium.

88
Q

Potential space between the diaphragmatic and costal pleura.

A

costodiaphragmatic recess

89
Q

Potential space between the costal and mediastinal pleura.

A

costomedial recess

Gross Anatomy (3 decks)

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