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Gross Anatomy > Exam 1 Lecture > Flashcards

Exam 1 Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

The branch of anatomy that deals with the structure of organs and tissues that are visible to the naked eye.

A

gross anatomy

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2
Q

A branch of anatomy that relies on the use of microscopes to examine the smallest structures of the body, tissues, cells, and molecules.

A

microscopic anatomy

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3
Q

The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.

A

Physiology

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4
Q

A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to function and survive correctly.

A

Homeostasis

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5
Q

Vertical plane passing through the center of the body.

A

median plane

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6
Q

Vertical plane passing through the body parallel to the median plane.

A

sagittal plane

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7
Q

Vertical plane passing through the body at right angles to the sagittal plane.

A

frontal plane

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8
Q

Horizontal plane passing through the body at right angles to the sagittal and frontal planes.

A

transverse plane

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9
Q

Plane passing through the body at an angle other than 90 degrees.

A

oblique plane

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10
Q

Supports organs and other tissues structurally or metabolically. Has much intercellular substance and few, widely scattered cells.

A

connective tissue

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11
Q

Type of connective tissue that included loose and dense connective tissue.

A

connective tissue proper

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12
Q

Connective tissue that fills the spaces between the different organs and connects the skin to the underlying muscles.

A

areolar

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13
Q

Connective tissue that forms a scaffolding for other cells in several organs, scubas lymph nodes and bone marrow.

A

reticular

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14
Q

Connective tissue that occurs as subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, and intramuscular fat.

A

adipose

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15
Q

Type of connective tissue that makes up tendons.

A

regular

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16
Q

Type of connective tissue that makes up ligaments.

A

elastic

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17
Q

Type of connective tissue that makes up the deep dermis.

A

irregular

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18
Q

Type of cartilage that makes up the trachea, costal cartilages, and joint surfaces.

A

hyaline

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19
Q

Type of cartilage that makes up the external ear.

A

elastic

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20
Q

Type of cartilage that makes up intervertebral discs.

A

irregular

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21
Q

The part of the skeleton that is made up of the skull, vertebral column, rib cage, and hyoid bone.

A

axial skeleton

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22
Q

The part of the skeleton that is made up of the pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle.

A

appendicular skeleton

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23
Q

Type of muscle tissue that is voluntary, striated, has large cylindrical cells, sarcomeres, and is multinucleated.

A

skeletal muscle

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24
Q

Type of muscle tissue that is involuntary, has small spindle shaped cells, and is uninucliated.

A

smooth muscle

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25
Type of muscle tissue that is involuntary, striated, has small branched cells, intercalated discs, modified sarcomeres, and is uninucliated.
cardiac muscle
26
Thin sheets of tissue that cover structures or line cavities.
membranes
27
Type of membrane that includes the epithelium, CT proper, and dense irregular CT.
cutaneous
28
Type of membrane that lines cavities that are open to the exterior. Secretes mucin to protect and lubricate.
mucous
29
Type of membrane that lines the body cavities that are closed to the exterior and organs. Produce a thin, watery fluid.
serous
30
Type of membrane that lines synovial joint cavities, produces a viscous liquid to reduce friction in joints, and does not have an epithelial component.
synovial
31
Known as vertebra prominens, is the start of the thorax.
C7
32
Layers of the thoracic wall.
Skin, superficial fascia, deep fascia
33
Artery that extends from the aorta/brachiocephalic trunk to the lateral edge of the first rib. Supplies the anterior thoracic wall.
subclavian
34
Artery that branches off the first part of the subclavian artery and gives off the anterior intercostal artery.
internal thoracic (mamamry)
35
Artery that extends from the lateral edge of the first rib to the inferior border of the teres major. Divides into three parts by the pectorals minor muscle.
axillary
36
Artery that branches from the second part of the axillary artery. Has a clavicular, acromial, deltoid, and pectoral artery.
thoracoacromial trunk
37
Supplies the posterior thoracic wall and gives off posterior intercostal arteries.
descending aorta
38
Portion of the mediastinum bordered by the manubrium, T1-T4 vertebrae, superior thoracic aperture, plane through the sternal angle, and lungs.
superior mediastinum
39
Portion of the mediastinum bordered by the body of sternum, T5-T12 vertebrae, plane through the sternal angle, diaphragm, and lungs.
inferior mediastinum
40
Portion of the mediastinum bordered by the body of sternum and anterior wall of the pericardium.
anterior mediastinum
41
Portion of the mediastinum that is bordered by the anterior and posterior wall of the pericardium.
middle mediastinum
42
Portion of the mediastinum bordered by the the posterior wall of the pericardium and the T5-T12 vertebrae.
posterior mediastinum
43
Collects interstitial fluid and returns it to the blood stream, transports fat to the bloodstream, and provides protection by destroying bacteria and viruses, foreign antigens, and dead cells.
lymphatic system
44
Nonspecific immunity
innate immunity
45
Immunity that is acquired either naturally or artificially.
adaptive
46
Components of the lymphatic system
cells, lymph, lymphatic structures, and organs
47
Interstitial fluid collected into lymphatic vessels.
lymph
48
Drains into the R subclavian vein at the R venous angle. Drains the R side of the head and neck, R upper limb, and R half of the thorax.
R lymphatic duct
49
Begins at cisterna chyli in intestines, ascends from the abdomen to diaphragm by passing through the aortic opening, ascends the R side of the thorax between the aorta and azygos vein, crosses to L side posterior to the esophagus, empties near the L venous angle, and drains the L side of the head and neck, L upper limb, L side of thorax, and entire lower body.
thoracic duct
50
Bi-lobed structure found in the superior mediastinum that is only functional in children and adolescents. Is the site of differentiation of T cells and forms permanent immunity system using memory T cells.
thymus
51
Structural classifications of the nervous system.
CNS and PNS
52
Functional classifications of the nervous system.
somatic and autonomic
53
Portion of the nervous system composed of the brain and spinal cord.
CNS
54
Portion of the nervous system composed of cranial and spinal nerves.
PNS
55
Portion of the nervous system that is voluntary.
somatic
56
Portion of the nervous system that is involuntary.
autonomic
57
Division of the somatic nervous system that transmits information about sensations like pain, temperature, touch, etc. and proprioception.
somatic sensory
58
Division of the somatic nervous system that transmits information regarding the movement of skeletal muscle.
somatic motor
59
Division of the autonomic nervous system that supplies the viscera of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis.
afferent
60
Division of the autonomic nervous system that supplies cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands.
efferent
61
Divisions of the efferent ANS.
sympathetic and parasympathetic
62
Bundle of nerve axons in the CNS.
tract
63
Bundle of nerve axons in the PNS.
nerve
64
Collection of neuron cell bodies in the CNS.
nucleus
65
Collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS.
ganglion
66
Group of axons within a connective tissue sheath within a nerve.
fascicle
67
Network of nerves.
plexus
68
Delicate CT covering surrounding an individual nerve fiber.
endoneurium
69
Layer of dense CT surrounding a fascicle.
perineurium
70
Thick sheath of loose CT surrounding an entire nerve.
epineurium
71
Nerve whose synaptic terminal enter into a synapse.
presynaptic
72
Neuron whose dendrites receive information from a synapse.
postsynaptic
73
A nerve fiber which carries information towards the CNS.
afferent (sensory)
74
A nerve fiber which carries information toward he PNS.
efferent (motor)
75
Pumps blood throughout the body, driving cardiovascular system. Located in the thorax in the mediastinum oriented toward the L side of the body. Surrounded by pericardium.
heart
76
Surface of the heart deep to the sternum and ribs. Made up of the R atrium and R ventricle with some L ventricle.
sternocostal surface (anterior)
77
Surface of the heart in contact with the lowest border of the thorax. Contains R and L ventricles and part of the R atrium.
diaphragmatic surface (inferior)
78
Surface of the heart in the back. Contains the L and part of R atrium and some L ventricle.
base (posterior)
79
Serous membrane covering of the heart.
pericardium
80
Rough pericardium.
fibrous
81
Smooth pericardium.
serous
82
A real space located behind the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk, as they rise from the superior border of the heart. Found next to the SVC.
transverse pericardial sinus
83
A potential space found between the posterior surface of the heart and the posterior wall of the parietal pericardium.
oblique pericardial sinus
84
Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Divides into R and L pulmonary arteries.
pulmonary trunk
85
Carry oxygenated blood to the heart. Two come from each side.
pulmonary veins
86
Carries oxygenated blood to the body.
aorta
87
Returns deoxygenated blood from he body to the R atrium.
vena cava
88
Potential space between the diaphragmatic and costal pleura.
costodiaphragmatic recess
89
Potential space between the costal and mediastinal pleura.
costomedial recess

Gross Anatomy (3 decks)

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