Clinical Boxes Quiz 1 Flashcards
Communicating connections between the multiple branches of an artery that provide numerous potential detours for blood flow in the case the usual pathway is obstructed by compression, position of a joint, pathology, or surgical ligation.
Anastomoses
Alternate vessels in the body that can take over when another artery or vein is blocked or damaged.
Collateral circulation
Arteries that do not anastomose with adjacent arteries.
Terminal arteries
An artery with ineffective anastomoses so that it is unable to maintain viability of the tissue if an occlusion occurs. Supply segments of the brain, liver, kidney, spleen, and intestines.
Functional terminal arteries
The most common acquired disease of arteries, a group of diseases characterized by thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls.
Arteriosclerosis
A common form of arteriosclerosis associated with the buildup of fat in the arterial walls.
Atherosclerosis
Calcium deposits that result in arterial narrowing and irregularity.
Atheromatous plaque
Formation of a local clot.
Thrombosis
Reduction of blood supply to an organ or region.
Ischemia
Local death of an organ or tissue.
Infarction
Necrosis is parts of the limbs.
Gangrene
Abnormally twisted, swollen veins most often seen in the legs.
Varicose veins
Valves in a vein in which the cusps do not meet or have been destroyed by inflammation.
Incompetent valves
Prolong the ribs anteriorly and contribute to the elasticity of the thoracic wall, preventing many blows from fracturing the sternum and/or ribs. In the elderly they undergo calcification and are less resilient.
Costal cartilages
Result from direct blows or indirectly from crushing injuries. Most common in middle ribs and just anterior to the rib angle.
Rib fractures
Occurs when a sizable segment of the anterior and/or lateral thoracic wall moves freely because of multiple rib fractures. This allows the loose segment of the wall to move paradoxically. Extremely painful and impairs ventilation.
Flail chest
Ribs that are present in up to 1% of people and articulate with the C7 vertebra and are clinically significant because they may compress spinal nerves C8 and T1 or the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus supplying the upper limb.
Cervical ribs
Less common than cervical ribs but may confuse the identification of vertebral levels in diagnostic imaging.
Lumbar ribs
The surgical creation of an opening through the thoracic wall to enter a pleural cavity.
Thoracotomy
Making H-shaped cuts through the perichondrium of one or more costal cartilages and then shelling out segments of costal cartilage to gain entrance to the thoracic cavity.
Anterior thoracotomy
Removal of a lung.
Pneumonectomy
Used for bone marrow needle biopsy because of its breadth and subcutaneous position.
Sternal body
Commonly used to obtain specimens of bone marrow for transplantation and for detection of metastatic cancer.
Sternal biopsy
Splitting of the sternum in the median plane to gain wide access to the thoracic cavity for surgical procedures.
Median sternotomy
Group of disorders that occur when blood vessels and nerves in the superior thoracic aperture are compressed, causing pain and numbness in the neck and upper limbs.
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Displacement of a costal cartilage from the sternum.
Rib dislocation
Dislocation of a costochondral junction between a rib and its costal cartilage.
Rib separation