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Diagnostic Imaging > Exam 1: lecture 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1: lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Roentgen submitted a report along with the x-ray of his wife’s hand to the society of Physics and Medical Science at the Unversity of _____?

A

Wurzburg

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2
Q

_____ as a result from radiation was first reported in 1896.

A

Skin damage

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3
Q

____ defined as a method of transporting energy through space, distinguished by wavelength, frequency, and energy. So in basic terms, how energy passes through space and matter.

A

Electromagnetic radiation

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4
Q

_____ is described as the number of wave cycles that pass a single stationary point per second.

A

Frequency

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5
Q

Frequency is measured in _____.

A

Hertz

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6
Q

Wavelengths are measured in _____.

A

Nanometers

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7
Q

Higher the frequency=

A

More penetrating power

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8
Q

Shorter wavelength=

A

Greater energy

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9
Q

Greater energy=

A

More penetrating power

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10
Q

_____ results when fast moving particles bump into matter.

A

X-rays

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11
Q

The x-ray tube is made of what two electrodes:

A

Cathode and Anode

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12
Q

Electrons have a negative charge when located at the _____

A

Cathode

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13
Q

Because of their negative electric charge, the electrons are pulled toward the ______

A

Positive anode

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14
Q

When the electrons interact with the positive anode, a large amount of _____ is produced.

A

Energy

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15
Q

The energy produced by the collision is divided into what two categories:

A

1% forms x-rays

99% released as heat

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16
Q

Electrons are released when the wire filament is _____.

A

Heated

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17
Q

The filament is made of tungsten because it has what?

A

Very high melting point

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18
Q

The metal casing that surrounds the tube prevents?

A

Stray radiation from escaping

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19
Q

Source of electrons

A

The cathode

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20
Q

The cathode contains a wire filament that is heated by a _____ circuit.

A

Low-energy

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21
Q

The amount of electrons that are produced is dependent of the amount of?

A

Heat applied to the filament

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22
Q

The number of electrons produced in the electron cloud is under the control of milliamperes by controlling the?

A

Temperature of the cathode filament.

23
Q

_____ is defined as the amount of electrical energy being applied to the anode and cathode to accelerate electrons from the cathode to the anode.

A

Kilovoltage

24
Q

The Kilovoltage peak determines?

A

The penetrating power of the x-ray beam

25
Q

Is the measurement of the energy produced by the electrons traveling across the tube. Determines the quality and intensity of the beam.

A

Kilovoltage peak (kVp)

26
Q

The anode can withstand ____ temperatures.

A

High

27
Q

The area on the target within the anode that the electrons hit is known as the?

A

Focal spot

28
Q

The size of the focal spot is related to the ____ of the image.

A

Sharpness

29
Q

The two main types of anodes:

A
  1. Stationary

2. Rotating

30
Q

The stationary type of anode is not designed to?

A

Withstand high heat

31
Q

The variation in intensity of the primary beam is known as the?

A

Heel effect

32
Q

With the rotating type of anode, the intensity is greater towards the ____ side.

A

Cathode

33
Q

The distance from the target to the film?

A

Focal film distance

34
Q

The distance between the object being imaged and the film?

A

Object film distance

35
Q

The degree of blackness of the radiograph?

A

Radiographic density

36
Q

The difference in density between two areas on the radiograph?

A

Radiographic contrast

37
Q

Should you put the thicker portion of the animal near the anode side or the cathode side?

A

Thickest part should be located toward the cathode.

38
Q

In what situation/settings do you think the heel effect would be more noticeable? Why?

A

Large film size (large area covered): more area to cover, short source to image distance (focal film distance).
Low kVp: less electrons reaching the anode.

39
Q

Determines the penetrating power of the x-ray?

A

Kilovoltage (kVp)

40
Q

Determines the amount of radiation produced?

A

Milliamperage (mA)

41
Q

Determines the total number of x-rays and the time they can be released from the x-ray tube to expose the film.

A

Milliamperage-second (mAs)

42
Q

Refers to the side the animal is lying on.

Example: Rt L= lying on right side

A

Lateral (beam direction)

43
Q

Beam direction where the beam enters the ventral side and exits the dorsal side. (belly up/back down)

A

Ventrodorsal (VD)

44
Q

Beam direction where the beam enters the dorsal side and exits the ventral side (belly down/back up)

A

Dorsoventral (DV)

45
Q

Obliques usually refers to the?

A

Limbs

46
Q

Tips for good radiographs:

A
  1. Minimize radiation exposure
  2. Use a caliper to measure the area to be radiographed.
  3. Position film as close as possible to the area being radiographed.
47
Q

A caliper measures the area in _____?

A

Centimeters

48
Q

Other forms of electromagnetic radiation include:

A

Gamma rays, radio waves, visible light

49
Q

X-rays have shorter _____ than visible light.

A

Wavelengths

50
Q

Electron acceleration is controlled by?

A

kVp

51
Q

The number of electrons produced is controlled by?

A

mA

52
Q

The acceleration of electrons from cathode to anode is controlled by?

A

kVp

53
Q

The smaller the ___, the less heat is lost.

A

Focal spot

54
Q

The smaller the focal spot, the ____ the image.

A

Clearer

Diagnostic Imaging (6 decks)

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