Exam 1 (Lecture 1-13)

Question 1

Differences between plants and animals

Answer 1

1. Photosynthesis
2. Amino Acid Synthesis (Nitrogen)

Question 2

Plant Feed Class

Answer 2

1. Forges - Leaves and stems, legumes
2. Grains - Seeds of cereals, oil plants
3. Roots & Tubers
4. Byproducts - Cereals, oilseed meals

Question 3

Types of Feed

Answer 3

Two families
1. Grasses

2. Legumes

Question 4

1. Grasses

Answer 4

1. Doesn’t need to be re-planted
   2.Monocotyledons (single leaf)
2. Corn, wheat, barley, oats
3. Starchy

Question 5

2. Legumes

Answer 5

1. Needs to be replanted
2. Dicotyledons (multi flower)
3. Alfalfa, pea, beans

Question 6

Parts of Plants

Answer 6

1. Leaves
2. Stems
3. Inflorescence (Flowers)
4. Fruit
5. Roots

Question 7

1. Leaves

Answer 7

• Nutrients dense, non-structural carbohydrate
• protein

Question 8

2. Stems

Answer 8

• High structural carbohydrate
• less nutrient

Question 9

3. Inflorescence (Flowers)

Answer 9

• not important

Question 10

4. Fruit

Answer 10

• Cereal grain (starchy)
• Oilseed (protein and lipid rich)

Question 11

5. Roots

Answer 11

• Not useful
• Turnups exception

Question 12

Maturity Nutrient Value

Answer 12

Younger better (less structural carbohydrate)

Question 13

C3 plants

Answer 13

• More nutritious than C4
• More undignified mesophyll cells
  -Thinner wall bundle sheath

Question 14

Feed Classification

Answer 14

1. Concentrates (Power)
   - High energy
2. Roughages (forage)
   - Fiber dense/ low energy

Question 15

Processing Techniques

Answer 15

1. Forage
2. Grains

Question 16

1. Forges

Answer 16

a. Bailing
b. Chopping/ Gridning
c. Pelleting

Question 17

2. Grains

Answer 17

Dry Processing
- Grinding
- rolling/ cracking
- popping/ micronizing
- extruding
- roasting
- pelleting

Wet Processing
- steam rolling
- flaking
- high moisture (ensiling)
- soaking
- exploding
- pressure cooking

Question 18

Nutrient Value Effects

Answer 18

1. Heat Treatment
2. Grinding and Pelleting
3. Roughages

Question 19

1. Heat Treatment

Answer 19

Positive
- increases nutrient value
- decreases solubility which increases nitrogen absorption in lower gut

Negative
- over heating looses quality of protein
- Degrades fat and vitamins

Question 20

2. Grinding and Pelleting

Answer 20

a. Concentrate (Grains)
- Feed quality varies
- Grinding too fine hurts animals

b. Roughages
- increases rate of digestion and volume intake
- decreases digestibility BUT increases rate of passage (good amount of intake)
- Forage quality is important

Question 21

Lab Assessments

Answer 21

1. Chemical analysis
   - Chemical and nutrient composition
2. in vitro digestion (simulates digestion)
   a. rumen digestion
   b. Gastric Digestion