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MLS 322 > Exam 1: Introduction Stuff > Flashcards

Exam 1: Introduction Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Provide a brief history of hematology.

A

Hematology: the study of blood

In the 1600s, Leeuwenhoek was the first to discover blood cells in the microscope.

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2
Q

Blood makes up ___% of body weight.

A

About 7 – 8%

A 150-pound person would have about 12 pounds of blood.

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3
Q

The average adult has ___ liters of blood, aka ___ pints in the olden days.

A

4 – 6 liters

9 – 11 pints

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4
Q

Average amount of blood in adult females

A

4 – 5 liters

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5
Q

Average amount of blood in adult males

A

5 – 6 liters

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6
Q

Normal pH of blood

A

pH 7.35 – 7.45

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7
Q

General % of components in plasma/serum

A

91% water
7% protein
2% electrons, hormones, etc.

100% reason to remember the name

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8
Q

In a microscope slide, what is the normal ratio of:

RBC : WBC : PLT

A

500 : 1 : 30

RBC : WBC : PLT

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9
Q

Describe the contents of a centrifuged tube of blood, from top to bottom.

A

55% pale yellow

- plasma or serum

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10
Q

What is the difference between plasma and serum?

A

Plasma

  • anti-coagulated substance
  • add a chemical (ex: EDTA) during collection process

Serum

  • coagulated substance
  • allowed to clot
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11
Q

How big are normal RBCs?

A

About 7 – 8 microns

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12
Q

Briefly describe the appearance of normal RBCs.

A
  • orange-pink
  • no nucleus
  • biconcave discs, uniform in size and shape
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13
Q

What is the main function of RBCs?

A

Transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide

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14
Q

What is the normal range of RBCs?

A
  1. 2 – 6.1 x 10^12 / liters
  2. 2 – 6.1 x 10^6 / microliters

4,200,000 – 6,100,000

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15
Q

If a patient has a very high amount of RBCs, he/she is considered to have ___.

A

Polycythemia

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16
Q

If a patient has a very low amount of RBCs, he/she is considered to have ___.

A

Anemia

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17
Q

How big are normal PLTs?

A

About 2 – 4 microns

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18
Q

Briefly describe the appearance of normal PLTs.

A
  • dark purple
  • no nucleus
  • chunks, irregular sizes
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19
Q

What is the main function of PLTs?

A

Hemostasis/clotting

20
Q

What is the normal range of PLTs?

A

150 – 450 x 10^9 / liters

150 – 450 x 10^3 / microliters

150,000 – 450,000

21
Q

If a patient has a very high amount of PLTs, he/she is considered to have ____.

A

Thrombocytosis

22
Q

If a patient has a very low amount of PLTs, he/she is considered to have ___.

A

Thrombocytopenia

23
Q

How big are normal WBCs?

A

About 8 – 18 microns

24
Q

Briefly describe the appearance of normal WBCs.

A
  • nucleus is dark purple
  • cytoplasm could be either:
    # pink-orange
    # blue
    # blue-gray
25
Q

What is the main function of WBCs?

A

Immune system responses

26
Q

What is the normal range of WBCs?

A
  1. 5 – 10.5 x 10^9 / liters
  2. 5 – 10.5 x 10^3 / microliters

4,500 – 10,500

27
Q

If a patient has a very high amount of WBCs, he/she is considered to have ___.

A

Leukocytosis

28
Q

If a patient has a very low amount of WBCs, he/she is considered to have ___.

A

Leukocytopenia

29
Q

If a patient has 7.8 RBC, he/she has ___.

A

Polycythemia

30
Q

Old people can appear to have ___ because of dehydration.

A

Polycythemia

31
Q

If a patient has 2.8 RBC, he/she has ___.

A

Anemia

32
Q

If a patient has 750,000 PLT, he/she has ___.

A

Thrombocytosis

33
Q

If a patient has 90,000 PLT, he/she has ___.

A

Thrombocytopenia

34
Q

If a patient has 14,000 WBC, he/she has ___.

A

Leukocytosis

35
Q

If a patient has 500 WBC, he/she has ___.

A

Leukocytopenia

36
Q

What is the stain used to perform CBCs?

A

Wright Stain

  • poly-chromatic stain
  • former stain = Romonosky Stain
37
Q

What are the components of the Wright Stain?

A

Methylene Blue

  • alkaline/basic stain
  • stains acidic components
  • color: blue/purple

Eosin

  • acidic stain
  • stains the basic components
  • color: pink/red
38
Q

Why does the Eosin stain make a pink/red color?

A

It makes a pink/red color because of hemoglobin.

Hemoglobin is a protein, which is basic.

39
Q

What is the pH of the buffer of the Wright Stain?

A

pH 6.4 – 6.7

40
Q

What color appears more when the Wright Stain pH is too acidic?

A

Pink/orange appearance

41
Q

What color appears more when the Wright Stain pH is too basic?

A

Blue/black appearance

42
Q

How are WBCs estimated manually?

A
  • use HPF (high-powered field)(40x)
  • count # in 10 fields/10 (average count)
  • multiply average count x 2,000
43
Q

How are PLTs estimated manually?

A
  • use oil field (100x)
  • count # in 10 fields/10 (average count)
  • multiply average count x 20,000
44
Q

What does a CBC look like?

A

WBC (total)

  • Neut %
  • Lymph %
  • Mono %
  • Eos %
  • Bas %

RBC (total)

  • Hgb
  • Hct
  • MCV
  • MCH
  • MCHC
  • RDW

PLT (total)
- PDW

45
Q

Which part(s) of the CBC indicates the health, size, and shape of RBCs?

A
  • MCV
  • MCH
  • MCHC
  • RDW
46
Q

Which part(s) of the CBC indicates the size and shape of PLTs?

A

PDW

MLS 322 (3 decks)

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