Exam 1: Introduction Stuff Flashcards
Provide a brief history of hematology.
Hematology: the study of blood
In the 1600s, Leeuwenhoek was the first to discover blood cells in the microscope.
Blood makes up ___% of body weight.
About 7 – 8%
A 150-pound person would have about 12 pounds of blood.
The average adult has ___ liters of blood, aka ___ pints in the olden days.
4 – 6 liters
9 – 11 pints
Average amount of blood in adult females
4 – 5 liters
Average amount of blood in adult males
5 – 6 liters
Normal pH of blood
pH 7.35 – 7.45
General % of components in plasma/serum
91% water
7% protein
2% electrons, hormones, etc.
100% reason to remember the name
In a microscope slide, what is the normal ratio of:
RBC : WBC : PLT
500 : 1 : 30
RBC : WBC : PLT
Describe the contents of a centrifuged tube of blood, from top to bottom.
55% pale yellow
- plasma or serum
What is the difference between plasma and serum?
Plasma
- anti-coagulated substance
- add a chemical (ex: EDTA) during collection process
Serum
- coagulated substance
- allowed to clot
How big are normal RBCs?
About 7 – 8 microns
Briefly describe the appearance of normal RBCs.
- orange-pink
- no nucleus
- biconcave discs, uniform in size and shape
What is the main function of RBCs?
Transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide
What is the normal range of RBCs?
- 2 – 6.1 x 10^12 / liters
- 2 – 6.1 x 10^6 / microliters
4,200,000 – 6,100,000
If a patient has a very high amount of RBCs, he/she is considered to have ___.
Polycythemia
If a patient has a very low amount of RBCs, he/she is considered to have ___.
Anemia
How big are normal PLTs?
About 2 – 4 microns
Briefly describe the appearance of normal PLTs.
- dark purple
- no nucleus
- chunks, irregular sizes
What is the main function of PLTs?
Hemostasis/clotting
What is the normal range of PLTs?
150 – 450 x 10^9 / liters
150 – 450 x 10^3 / microliters
150,000 – 450,000
If a patient has a very high amount of PLTs, he/she is considered to have ____.
Thrombocytosis
If a patient has a very low amount of PLTs, he/she is considered to have ___.
Thrombocytopenia
How big are normal WBCs?
About 8 – 18 microns
Briefly describe the appearance of normal WBCs.
- nucleus is dark purple
- cytoplasm could be either:
# pink-orange
# blue
# blue-gray
What is the main function of WBCs?
Immune system responses
What is the normal range of WBCs?
- 5 – 10.5 x 10^9 / liters
- 5 – 10.5 x 10^3 / microliters
4,500 – 10,500
If a patient has a very high amount of WBCs, he/she is considered to have ___.
Leukocytosis
If a patient has a very low amount of WBCs, he/she is considered to have ___.
Leukocytopenia
If a patient has 7.8 RBC, he/she has ___.
Polycythemia
Old people can appear to have ___ because of dehydration.
Polycythemia
If a patient has 2.8 RBC, he/she has ___.
Anemia
If a patient has 750,000 PLT, he/she has ___.
Thrombocytosis
If a patient has 90,000 PLT, he/she has ___.
Thrombocytopenia
If a patient has 14,000 WBC, he/she has ___.
Leukocytosis
If a patient has 500 WBC, he/she has ___.
Leukocytopenia
What is the stain used to perform CBCs?
Wright Stain
- poly-chromatic stain
- former stain = Romonosky Stain
What are the components of the Wright Stain?
Methylene Blue
- alkaline/basic stain
- stains acidic components
- color: blue/purple
Eosin
- acidic stain
- stains the basic components
- color: pink/red
Why does the Eosin stain make a pink/red color?
It makes a pink/red color because of hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin is a protein, which is basic.
What is the pH of the buffer of the Wright Stain?
pH 6.4 – 6.7
What color appears more when the Wright Stain pH is too acidic?
Pink/orange appearance
What color appears more when the Wright Stain pH is too basic?
Blue/black appearance
How are WBCs estimated manually?
- use HPF (high-powered field)(40x)
- count # in 10 fields/10 (average count)
- multiply average count x 2,000
How are PLTs estimated manually?
- use oil field (100x)
- count # in 10 fields/10 (average count)
- multiply average count x 20,000
What does a CBC look like?
WBC (total)
- Neut %
- Lymph %
- Mono %
- Eos %
- Bas %
RBC (total)
- Hgb
- Hct
- MCV
- MCH
- MCHC
- RDW
PLT (total)
- PDW
Which part(s) of the CBC indicates the health, size, and shape of RBCs?
- MCV
- MCH
- MCHC
- RDW
Which part(s) of the CBC indicates the size and shape of PLTs?
PDW
