Exam 1 Intro to Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics Flashcards
9/4 Lecture 1 and 2
What is pharmacology?
The science of drugs and how they affect living systems
Why is pharmacology important to dentists?
If a patient is taking more than one drug, there is potential for drug interactions and adverse consequences
True or false: every drug can affect the entire body
True
A ____ is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a disease
Drug
Drugs are usually what type of structure?
Small molecules (smaller than proteins, smaller than polypeptides)
Why is it advantageous for drugs to be small?
- Quicker access into the body
- Reach target (chemically sensitive site) sooner
Most drugs are smaller than proteins and polypeptides. What is the exception?
- Small active peptides
- Monoclonal antibodies
What is the non-proprietary name of a drug?
Official name, such as ibuprofen
What is the proprietary name of a drug?
Brand or trade name (such as Advil)
____ is what a drug does to the body
Pharmacodynamics
____ is what the body does to a drug
Pharmacokinetics
____ is involved with the drug/receptor interaction/study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action
Pharmacodynamics
What are the 4 principles of drug action?
4 ways in which drugs act on the body
- Stimulation
- Depression
- Replacement
- Cytotoxic action
What is stimulation?
- Enhancement of the level of a specific biological activity, usually already an ongoing physiological process
- Ex: Adrenaline/epinephrine stimulates heart rate
What is depression?
- Decrease in the level of a specific biological activity, usually already ongoing physiological process
- Ex: Opioids depress the CNS
Principles of Drug Action
What is replacement?
- Replacement of the natural hormones or enzymes (any substance) which are deficient in our body
- Ex: Insulin for treating diabetes
What is cytotoxic action?
Toxic effects on invading microorganisms or cancer cells (ex: antibiotics)
In what ways do drugs produce their effects?
- Physical action
- Chemical action
- Counterfeit biochemical constituents
- Through stimulating/inhibiting enzymes
- Through receptors
During ____, the physical property is responsible for drug action
Physical action
During ____, the drug reacts extracellularly according to simple chemical equations (not entering a cell or system)
Chemical action (Ex: tums to neutralize gastric acid)
____ is the most common way of producing action
Receptor action
What are the major classifications of receptors?
- GPCR
- Ion channels
- Enzymatic receptors
- Intracellular receptors (regulates gene expression)
Where are steroid receptors located?
Intracellular
What is affinity?
The ability of a drug to bind to the receptor (just bind)