Exam #1: Intro. Self Study Flashcards
What are the five major subdivisions of the brain?
Telencephalon Diencephalon Mesencephalon Metencephalon Myelencephalon
What is the telencephalon?
Cerebral hemispheres
What is the diencephalon?
Epithalamus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus
What is the mesencephalon?
Cerebral peduncles
- Tegmentum
- Crus cerebri
Tectum= superior & inferior colliculi
What is the metencephalon?
Pons
Cerebellum
What is the myelencephalon?
Medulla oblongata
What is the brainstem?
Medulla oblongata
Mesencephalon
Pons
How do you know the difference between gray & white matter in the spinal cord?
Gray= central butterfly White= what surrounds the butterfly
What is the difference between ventral & dorsal in the spinal cord?
Dorsal= toward the spinous processes Ventral= toward the vertebral bodies
Dorsal= tips of the wings of the butterfly
Functionally, what is the difference between dorsal & ventral in the spinal cord?
Dorsal= sensory Ventral= motor
What is contained in the ventral horn of the spinal cord?
Cell bodies of neurons involved in somatic motor function
What is contained in the lateral horn of the spinal cord?
Cell bodies of “preganglionic” neurons involved in the SNS & PNS
What is contained in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord?
Central processes of unipolar neurons of DRG
What is the difference between a protoplasmic astrocyte & a fibrous astrocyte?
Location:
Protoplasmic= gray matter Fibrous= white matter
What is an ependymal cell?
Cells that form the simple cuboidal epithelium that lines the central canal of the spinal cord & ventricles of the brain
Generally, how does the organization of the autonomic nervous system differ from somatic?
Somatic= 1 neuron directly innervating tissue
Autonomic= 2 neurons (pre-synaptic & post-synaptic)
How does the organization of the SNS differ from the PNS?
SNS= short pre-synaptic & long post-synpatic
PNS= long pre-synaptic & short post-synpatic
Where are the cell bodies of the presynaptic SNS neurons located?
Lateral horn of T1-L2
Where are the cell bodies of the presynaptic PNS neurons located?
Brain (axons are cranial nerves III, VII, IX, & X)
Lateral horn of the sacral spinal cord (S2-4)
Define arcuate.
Arc-like, resembles a segment of a circle
Define column.
A large bundle of ascending or descending nerve fibers composed of several “fasiculi”
- Also called a “funiculus”
Define commissure.
Bundle of nerve fibers that runs horizontally
Define cortex.
Periphery of a structure i.e. opposite of medulla
Define exteroceptor.
Sensory receptor providing information about the external environment to the CNS
Define fasiculus.
A bundle of ascending or descending nerve fibers in the CNS
Define fiber.
A long thin structure; an axon or collection of axon
Define fovea.
Depression or pit
Define funiculus.
Also called a column, a large bundle of ascending or descending nerve fibers composed of several “fasiculi”
Define glomerulus.
Structure with a spherical configuration
Define infundibulum.
Funnel-like structure
Define interoreceptor.
A sensory receptor that provides info to the CNS about the internal environment
Define lamina.
A layer of specific material such as the layering of nerve cell bodies in the spinal cord
Define neurite.
Term for the extensions of neurons i.e. a collective term for dendrites & axons
Define neuropil.
Complex of axons, dendrites, and processes of neuroglia that form a web-like network between nerve cell bodies of the gray matter
Define nucleus.
A collection of nerve cell bodies
Define operculum.
A cover or lid
Define peduncle.
Massive collection of nerve fiber bundles that connect the cerebrum & cerebellum to the brainstem
Define perikaryon.
Cell body of a neuron
Define plexus.
Arrangement of nerve fibers that serve a specific region
Define raphe.
A seam or midline structure
Define tract.
A bundle of ascending or descending nerve fibers within the CNS
What side of the body does the motor cortex control movement of?
Opposite/ contralateral
What side of the body does the sensory cortex receive input from?
Opposite/ contralateral
What side of the body does the cerebellum control?
Same/ ipsalateral
