Exam 1 - Intro, Nutrition, Gas Exchange, & Osmoregulation

Question 1

Which of the following is true concerning positive feedback pathways?

Answer 1

When present, they must have a mechanism for self-termination

Question 2

The three general components in a negative feedback loop are the

Answer 2

sensor - integrator - effector

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate response to having a decreased body temperature?

Answer 3

more blood is diverted (directed) to the skin

Question 4

Which of the following hormones would decrease immediately following a meal?

Answer 4

ghrelin

Question 5

Most ulcers are caused by

Answer 5

bacteria

Question 6

Which of the following is true about an individual suffering from Kwashiorkor?

Answer 6

they lack protein in the diet

Question 7

Where do proteins begin to be enzymatically broken down?

Answer 7

stomach

Question 8

Based upon discussions in lecture, which vitamin would be least likely to cause a problem if over consumed?

Answer 8

vitamin C

Question 9

Generally speaking, the more plant products a species eats, the larger one would expect their ________ to be.

Answer 9

cecum

Question 10

You are hiking outside of Jackson Hole, WY and spot a thin coyote (a carnivore) eating fruit dropped from a nearby tree. This is an example of:

Answer 10

opportunistic feeding

Question 11

Constipation is generally a problem involving function of which structure in the digestive system?

Answer 11

colon

Question 12

Lacteals play a key role in the absorption of

Answer 12

fats

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of countercurrent exchange?

Answer 13

the flow of water across the gills of a fish and that of blood within those gills

Question 14

The pulmonary arteries deliver blood directly into the

Answer 14

lungs

Question 15

Stenosis is a physiological problem concerning which structure?

Answer 15

heart valves

Question 16

During which phase of the ECG (electrocardiogram) does ventricular repolarization occur?

Answer 16

T wave

Question 17

In the lungs at the site of gas exchange, the PO2 is 104 mm Hg and PCO2 is 40 mm Hg. Based upon these numbers, what is the approximate concentration of these two gases that would be found in the left atrium? Best answer, please.

Answer 17

PO2 = 104 mm Hg; PCO2 = 40 mm Hg

Question 18

Which animal does NOT have a problem with residual volume?

Answer 18

BIRDS

Question 19

Where can the pacemaker cells that determine the respiration rate be found?

Answer 19

in the medulla oblongata

Question 20

Which of the following is true about the function of respiratory pigments?

Answer 20

they help increase the solubility of O2 in the blood

Question 21

The graph below is known as the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning this graph?
(It wont let me upload the pic but it looks like the first quarter of this ~)

Answer 21

as cells become more active and PO2 drops, O2 binds more tightly to hemoglobin

Question 22

The figure shows four graphs of PRESSURE versus DISTANCE across the capillary beds. Which one is considered ‘normal’?

Answer 22

blood pressure goes like \ and is intersected in the middle by osmotic pressure

Question 23

Which organism has a special adaptation for living in a marine environment that includes maintaining its tissues hyperosmolar to sea water?

Answer 23

shark

Question 24

After the Loop of Henle, where does the filtrate go next?

Answer 24

distal tubule

Question 25

For the graph shown, which line would BEST represent a euryhaline, osmoregulator?

Answer 25

line goes /—/ ish

Question 26

By definition, an osmoconformer always lives in fresh water.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

in which structure does the majority of nutrient reabsorption occur?

Answer 27

the proximal tubule

Question 28

diagram is a container with a semipermeable membrane splitting it with 6 particles in side A and 4 on side B. Which side is hyperosmotic an where will the water move?

Answer 28

Side A is hyperosmotic and water will move towards side B

Question 29

A fish living in freshwater tends to do which of the following?

Answer 29

drink little; urinate a lot

Question 30

According to lecture, which area in the juxtamedullary nephron is most involved in helping to establish the hyperosmotic environment of the renal medulla?

Answer 30

ascending limb of the Loop of Henle