Exam 1 - Intro, Nutrition, Gas Exchange, & Osmoregulation Flashcards
Which of the following is true concerning positive feedback pathways?
When present, they must have a mechanism for self-termination
The three general components in a negative feedback loop are the
sensor - integrator - effector
Which of the following is NOT an appropriate response to having a decreased body temperature?
more blood is diverted (directed) to the skin
Which of the following hormones would decrease immediately following a meal?
ghrelin
Most ulcers are caused by
bacteria
Which of the following is true about an individual suffering from Kwashiorkor?
they lack protein in the diet
Where do proteins begin to be enzymatically broken down?
stomach
Based upon discussions in lecture, which vitamin would be least likely to cause a problem if over consumed?
vitamin C
Generally speaking, the more plant products a species eats, the larger one would expect their ________ to be.
cecum
You are hiking outside of Jackson Hole, WY and spot a thin coyote (a carnivore) eating fruit dropped from a nearby tree. This is an example of:
opportunistic feeding
Constipation is generally a problem involving function of which structure in the digestive system?
colon
Lacteals play a key role in the absorption of
fats
Which of the following is an example of countercurrent exchange?
the flow of water across the gills of a fish and that of blood within those gills
The pulmonary arteries deliver blood directly into the
lungs
Stenosis is a physiological problem concerning which structure?
heart valves
During which phase of the ECG (electrocardiogram) does ventricular repolarization occur?
T wave
In the lungs at the site of gas exchange, the PO2 is 104 mm Hg and PCO2 is 40 mm Hg. Based upon these numbers, what is the approximate concentration of these two gases that would be found in the left atrium? Best answer, please.
PO2 = 104 mm Hg; PCO2 = 40 mm Hg
Which animal does NOT have a problem with residual volume?
BIRDS
Where can the pacemaker cells that determine the respiration rate be found?
in the medulla oblongata
Which of the following is true about the function of respiratory pigments?
they help increase the solubility of O2 in the blood
The graph below is known as the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning this graph?
(It wont let me upload the pic but it looks like the first quarter of this ~)
as cells become more active and PO2 drops, O2 binds more tightly to hemoglobin
The figure shows four graphs of PRESSURE versus DISTANCE across the capillary beds. Which one is considered ‘normal’?
blood pressure goes like \ and is intersected in the middle by osmotic pressure
Which organism has a special adaptation for living in a marine environment that includes maintaining its tissues hyperosmolar to sea water?
shark
After the Loop of Henle, where does the filtrate go next?
distal tubule
For the graph shown, which line would BEST represent a euryhaline, osmoregulator?
line goes /—/ ish
By definition, an osmoconformer always lives in fresh water.
False
in which structure does the majority of nutrient reabsorption occur?
the proximal tubule
diagram is a container with a semipermeable membrane splitting it with 6 particles in side A and 4 on side B. Which side is hyperosmotic an where will the water move?
Side A is hyperosmotic and water will move towards side B
A fish living in freshwater tends to do which of the following?
drink little; urinate a lot
According to lecture, which area in the juxtamedullary nephron is most involved in helping to establish the hyperosmotic environment of the renal medulla?
ascending limb of the Loop of Henle
