Exam 1 (images) Flashcards
1
Q
standing figure
A
2600-2300 BCE
marble
Amorgos
- example of a marble sculpture, which are the best known product from the ancient Cyclades
> among the oldest works of Greek sculpture we know of
> mainly found in graves
> were originally painted, as were other marble sculptures - human form abstractly rendered
- flat body
- arms folded across body
- legs divided by a groove
- toes pointed down- not meant to be stood up
2
Q
seated harp player
A
2600-2300 BCE
Keros
marble
- example of a marble sculpture, which are the best known product from the ancient Cyclades
> among the oldest works of Greek sculpture we know of
> mainly found in graves
> were originally painted, as were other marble sculptures - flat body
- head tapered back
- seated figure
- musician
3
Q
bull-leaping
A
1500 BCE
Knossos, Crete
- Found in palace
- Minoan fresco
- depicts bull, like many others in Minoan culture
- bull-leaping motif
- are the individuals different people? or the same person in different stages of the jump?
- genders? women are normally white, but also bare chested
4
Q
snake goddess
A
1700 BCE
Knossos, Crete
- found in stone-lined pit in Knossos Palace
- flounced skirts
- sleeved bodices
- exposed breasts
- outstretched arms holding snakes
5
Q
lion gate
A
1300-1250 BCE
Mycenae
Limestone
- standing lions with heads missing (may have been other animals like sphynx or griffins)
- faced toward newcomers for intimidation
- minoan style column (narrow at the bottom)
- lions standing on altars- possible religious significance
6
Q
Mycenae 3-phase plan
A
- megaron: central hall area in Mycenaean architecture
- grave circle A discovered by Heinrich Schliemann
7
Q
grave circle A
A
- citadel of Mycenae
- 1500 BCE
- discovered by Heinrich Schliemann
- A and B were initially outside of the cyclopean fortification walls, but grave circle A was included within by an extension of the walls later on
- contained graves
- nearly all were shaft graves, and the rest were cist graves (just shallower)
- minoan-style art found in the graves suggest that minoan craftsmen travelled to the mainland to produce their wares there
- shocking amount of gold found
- no idea how the Mycenaeans got so rich
8
Q
mask of agamemnon
A
1600-1500 BCE
Mycenae
Beaten gold
- funerary mask
- debate over authenticity:
> does not look like other funerary masks
> resembles contemporary figures in Russia at the time and Schliemann himself
9
Q
Treasury of Atreus
A
1250 BCE
Mycenae
- actually a tomb
- tholos tomb: burial structure shaped like a beehive
- dromos: entryway into the tomb (about 114 feet)
- ashlar masonry: regularly dressed blocks of stone arranged in successive layers
- corbeled dome: each layer of stone set further inward until they meet at the top
10
Q
warrior vase
A
1200 BCE
Mycenae
- krater
- depicts warriors in armor bearing weapons
- processing away from a woman who has her arm held up in dismay or mourning
11
Q
mantiklos apollo
A
700-675 BCE
Thebes
Bronze
- nude
- writing on legs:
> offered to Apollo in hopes that he would grant something pleasing in return (offerings were transactional)
12
Q
temple of Apollo at Dreros
A
end of the 8th century BCE
Dreros
- stone walls replaced with mudbrick during this time
- one-roomed structure with a central hearth
- stone offering table in the corner with bronze figurines
- evidence of sacrifice and feasting (bones, teeth, goat horns, butcher knives, etc.)
13
Q
terracotta centaur
A
950-900 BCE
Lefkandi
- found in a grave
- carried an object in his hand
- motif of human-hybrid creatures were imported from Asia around this time
- narrow
14
Q
centaur fighting a man
A
750 BCE
Said to be from Olympia
- may be a scene of Heracles and Nessos fighting
- narrow and thin
15
Q
Dipylon amphora
A
750 BCE
Kerameikos, Athens
1.55 meters tall
- created by the Dipylon Master
- motif of horror vacui
- geometric patterns
- funerary scene on main register
- goats on other register
16
Q
protocorinthian “chigi olpe”
A
650 BCE
Veii
- protocorinthian style
- three main registers:
> i. hunting a hare
> ii. hunting a lion
> iii. combat (greek warriors)
> depicts a young man’s pattern of life - reverse side depicts the Judgement of Paris
17
Q
protoattic amphora
A
670-650 BCE
Eleusius
- made in Attic with protocorinthian motifs
- style imported from West Asia
- larger than corinthian examples
- Two registers:
i. blinding of Polyphemos
ii. gorgons fighting Perseus, who is aided by Athena
18
Q
Nettos amphora
A
625 BCE
- created by the Nettos painter
- protoattic style black-figure amphora
- grave marker in the Dipylon cemetery
- mythological scenes
- two main registers:
i. Heracles vs. Nettos (Heracles looks more civilized than Nettos, shown through facial hair)
ii. gorgons running around (emphasis on speed and motion) and Medusa depicted with head cut off
19
Q
Prinias temple
A
625 BCE
Crete
- likely dedicated to Artemis
- one-room interior with a central hearth
- dual-purpose (religious purposes and meeting place for elites)
- architectural development: construction of a pronaos
- one of, if not the earliest instances of architectural sculptures in a temple:
> popular motifs from West Asia
> depictions of felines and human figures carved into frieze and lintel
> depictions of warriors on horses
> sphynx
20
Q
Heraion
A
600 BCE
Olympia
- first major temple in Olympia
- originally dedicated to Zeus, later to Hera
- temples during the Archaic Period were long and narrow
- stone foundations with (originally) wooden columns
- addresses problem of central columns by instead building two sets of columns to avoid obscuring cult statue
- started replacing wooden columns with Doric ones in mid-6th century
- replacement theories:
i. upgrade theory: better temples constructed elsewhere prompted donors in Olympia to upgrade Heraion
ii. rotten wood theory: many columns failed after the initial construction, and continued over centuries, which had to be replaced out of necessity
iii. economical theory: there was a mix of stone and wooden columns during the initial construction because a full set of stone columns would be too expensive
iv. late renovation theory: there may have been significant damage done during Hellenistic or Roman times, leading to reconstruction with stone columns
21
Q
Basilica
A
580 BCE
Paestum
- entasis: slightly convex curve given to columns to make them more aesthetically pleasing
- roof likely wooden due to presence of terracotta
- central row of columns
- tackled issue of central columns by possibly having two cult statues so they would not be obscured
- vegetal motifs (atypical of Doric columns)
22
Q
west pediment
A
580 BCE
Corfu
Limestone
- from the Temple of Artemis at Corfu
- earliest known sculpted pediment
- temple and pediment were very large
- depicts:
> Medusa in a pinwheel pose (shows that she is running very fast)
> children of Medusa (Pegasus and Chrysaor)
> two large felines on either side of the central image
> gigantomachy in one corner
> Trojan war scene on other corner (Perseus killing King Priam)
> tackles issue of depicting art on triangular pediments by not keeping a constant scale (figures are smaller at the corners and larger near the middle)
> apparent lack of narrative unity
23
Q
temple of Artemis at Ephesus
A
560-550 BCE
Ephesus
- massive temple, one of the wonders of the ancient world
- ionic style
- funded by King Croesus
- dipteral (two rows of columns surrounding the exterior)
- huge number of marble columns
- columns had figural art at the bottom, which was uncommon
24
Q
Siphnian treasury
A
525 BCE
Sanctuary of Apollo, Delphi
Marble
- one of the most ornate treasuries
- ionic order
- caryatids (sculpted female figures that serve as pillars to support structures)
- depictions of gigantomachy
- most elaborate structure in the sanctuary
- ionic frieze
25
Q
north frieze of Siphnian treasury
A
525 BCE
Sanctuary of Apollo, Delphi
Marble
- gods advance from the left (as do most other victors in depictions in archaic sculpture)
- gods identifiable through attribute, attendant figures, or dipinti (painted labels)
- giants armed as hoplites (heavily armed infantry)
26
Q
Nikandre
A
640 BCE
Delos
Marble
- kore
- Daedalic style
- rigid (no movement)
- belted peplos
- inscription carved on skirt:
> dedicated to Apollo or Artemis - confusion on who the statue is supposed to represent (Nikandre? Artemis? just beautiful gift?)
- holes in hands suggest Artemis if it was for a bow and arrow
- tall height of statue suggests divinity as well
27
Q
lady of Auxerre
A
650-625 BCE
Crete
Limestone
- small statue
- may come from a cemetery- likely to be representing the deceased
- may be a votive gift
- probably a mortal woman
28
Q
New York
A
600 BCE
Attica, possible Anavysos
Marble
- kouros
- likely a grave marker
- similarities to Egyptian sculptures:
> identical striding stance
> arms by side, left foot in front of right - differences from Egyptian sculptures:
> emphasis on motion
> naked
> geometric features
> no back block for support
29
Q
Sounion
A
590 BCE
Poseidon sanctuary, Sounion
Marble
- votive dedication in the Poseidon Sanctuary
- emphasis on patterning and symmetry
- grid-like hair
30
Q
Anavysos
A
530 BCE
Anavysos
Marble
- more round appearance
- may have had a helmet, signifying role as a warrior
- facial features wrapped around head, unlike earlier kouroi
- archaic smile- may have aided in sculpting face around the head instead of frontally
31
Q
Phrasikleia
A
550-540 BCE
Merenda
Marble
- well-preserved due to burial
- dressed ornately- perhaps for wedding in the afterlife as she died unmarried
- pulling at peplos, revealing body figure underneath
32
Q
peplos kore
A
530 BCE
the Acropolis, Athens
Marble
- well-preserved due to burial
- misnamed, she is not wearing a peplos and is not a kore- she is wearing four garments, one of which is only worn by goddesses
- may have had attachments on head, further signifying divinity
33
Q
Antenor
A
525-510 BCE
the Acropolis, Athens
Marble
- large
- pose becomes popular
- holding up dress to take a step:
>shows motion
> shows folds in garments
> shows body figure underneath clothing - may have been holding something
- not sure if mortal or divine
- eyes would have been made of glass, with bronze eyelashes
34
Q
Francois Vase
A
570 BCE
Chiusi
- volute krater
- early example of black-figure pottery
- inspired by Corinthian vases, as shown by the several registers and many figures depicted
- signed by the painter and the potter, which is a rare distinction
- more than 200 figures and more than 100 enscriptions
- wedding of Achilles’ parents
- Kalydonian boar hunt
- chariot race (part of the games for Patroclus)
- scenes connected to Theseus after he killed the Minotaur
- depiction of men fighting centaurs after the centaurs got too drunk and started assaulting women
- depiction of the return to Olympus- Hephaestus going back to Olympus after Dionysus gets him drunk and convinces him
> last two depictions show how drinking can be good and bad - decorations on both handles- Ajax carrying Achilles’ dead body
- On top of depictions of Ajax and Achilles, Potnia Theron, Mistress of Animals
35
Q
Black-figure dice game
A
530 BCE
Vulci
- by Exekias
- attic black-figure amphora
- depicts Achilles and Ajax playing a game of dice
- inscriptions label them, show that they are saying “four” and “three”, respectively, and that the amphora is created by Exekias
- depicts a moment of peace before drama (who will get Achilles’ armor after he dies?), making the scene tense to viewers
- Achille is wearing his helmet, signifying his higher importance as a character
- Ajax’s helmet is off and facing the other way, possibly alluding to his coming misfortune
- the inscriptions show that Achilles is winning, possibly alluding to Achilles’ end being more glorious than Ajax’s due to kleos (since Achilles dies in battle and Ajax commits suicide)
36
Q
Dionysus and dolphins
A
Kylix with Dionysus and Dolphins
530 BCE
- kylix by Exekias
- kylix: drinking cup
- Dionysus disguises himself as a human and gets captured by pirates, who tie him to a mast and plan to sell him into slavery. After they ignore his warnings, Dionysus turns the mast into a vine and fill the ship with them, terrifying the pirates, who jump into the water and turn into dolphins
- it is an example of an ‘eye cup’: one that has eyes drawn on the bottom
> when attendees of a symposium finish the event, they drain their cups and hold the cups up over their faces, and the eyes on the bottom, along with the handles that resemble ears, and bottom painted to resemble a mouth, make them look like masks
