Exam 1 (definitions) Flashcards
cyclopean masonry
giant limestone blocks fitted together without mortar
(citadel of Mycenae, ~1300 BCE)
ashlar masonry
regularly dressed blocks of stone arranged in successive layers
(Palace at Gournia)
tholos tomb
burial chamber shaped like a beehive, also called beehive tombs
(Treasury of Atreus at Mycenae, ~1300 BCE)
megaron
feature of Mycenaean architecture that describes the central hall of a structure
(megaron at the citadel of Mycenae, ~1300 BCE)
Wanax
leader or king that governed Mycenaean palaces, term used during the late bronze age
peristyle/peripteral
structure with columns surrounding the exterior
(Heraion, Olympia, 600 BCE)
cella/naos
main central room of a temple that houses the cult statue
(Heraion, Olympia, 600 BCE)
pediment
triangular empty space at the end of the roof on the front of the structure
(West pediment of the Temple of Artemis, Corfu, ~600 BCE)
frieze
an often decorated band underneath the roof
(temple A at Prinias, Crete, ~600 BCE)
doric order
- fluted columns
- columns stand directly on the stylobate
- columns topped by capitals comprising an echinus and abacus
- columns suport a plain architrave
- frieze comprised of alternating triglyphs and metopes
- cornice tops the structure
ionic order
- columns are taller and thinner than doric
- fluted columns (more flutes than doric)
- columns rest on bases, which are usually ornately decorated
- column capital comprise a volute and echinus
- architrave is horizontally divided, usually into three registers
- continuous, uninterrupted frieze
- dentil molding surrounds the frieze
triglyphs
sections of vertical columns on a frieze
(Temple of Apollo, Thermon)
metopes
spaces between sets of triglyphs
(Temple of Apollo, Thermon)
apotropaic
having the power to ward off evil
(Medusa on west pediment of the Temple of Artemis, Corfu, ~600 BCE)
horror vacui
fear of empty space
(Dipylon Amphora, Kerameikos, Athens, ~750 BCE)
kore
female statue from the Archaic Period
(“Nikandre” kore, Delos, 640 BCE)
kouros
male statue from the Archaic Period
(“New York Kouros,” Attica or Anavysos, 600 BCE)
archaic smile
a slight smile in the face of statued during the Archaic Period that signifies the subject is alive
(“Nikandre” kore, Delos, 640 BCE)
