Exam 1:Hydration Flashcards
what is normal pH?
7.35-7.45
what is normal CO2?
35-45
what is normal HCO3?
22-26
what is normal Magnesium (Mg) levels?
1.5-2.5
What is normal Phosphorus (PO4) levels?
2.5-4.5
What is normal Potassium (K+) levels?
3.5-5.2
What is normal Calcium (Ca+) levels?
8.5-10
What is normal Sodium (Na+) levels?
135-145
What is normal Chloride (Cl-) levels?
98-106
What are the following signs and symptoms of: diarrhea, Nausea, confusion, weakness, restless, anorexia, possible seizures, thirst, headaches, hypotension, Rapid pulse
Hyponatremia
What are the following s&s of: SSALT (Swollen tongue, skin flushed, agitated, low grade fever, thirst, sticky mucous membranes)
Hypernatremia
What are the following S&S of: Hyperactive DTRs, tetany, muscle(hypertonicity), weakness, twitching, slow shallow respirations, cardiac dysrhythmias, water excess
Hypochloremia
What are the following S&S of: tachypnea, weakness, lethargy, deep and rapid respirations, diminished cognitive ability, hypertension
Hyperchloremia
What are the following S&S of: SUCTION(Skeletal muscle weakness, Increased U-waves, Cardiac arrythmias, constipation, toxicity of digitalis, irregular pulse, orthostatic hypotension, numbness); flat or inverted T waves
Hypokalemia
What are the following S&S of: MURDER (muscle weakness, urine oliguria, respiratory distress, decreased cardiac contractility, ECG(high T’s), Reflexes (hyperreflexia, flaccid)
Hyperkalemia
What are the following S&S of:STANC(Spams/Stridors/Seizures, Tetany, Arrythmias, Numbness, Convulsions), prolonged ST QT, decreased PTH, larygospasms; slow clotting time
Hypocalcemia
What are the following S&S of: Shortened QT and ST intervals, increased blood clots, Moans(fatigue), Groans(constipation), Bones(bone pain), Stones(kidney stones), Pyschiatric overtones(depressed, confusion), Can’t pick up the phone(muscle weakness,lack of cordination), Flanc pain
Hypercalcemia
What are the two tests to determine hypocalcemia?
Chvostek’s sign and Trosseau’s sign
What are the following S&S of: decreased stroke volume and CO, hypoxia, Rhabdomyolysis(breakdown of muscles), decreased bone density, Resp. failure
Hypophosphorus
What are the following S&S of: CHEMO (Cardio irregularities, hyper refelxia, eating poorly, muscle weakness, and oliguria)
Hyperphosphorus
What is Calicum on a teeter-totter with?
Phosphorus
What are the following S&S of: STARVED(Seizures, Tetany, Anorexia or Arrythmias, Rapid heart rate, Vomitting, Emotional liability, Deep tendon reflexes), Hyperexcitability, hallucinations
Hypomagnesemia
What are the following S&S of: everything slows down, prolonged PR intervals widens out; Decreased HR, vasodilation, decreased RR
Hypermagnesemia
If MAG OUT (levels are high) we do what
we drop down, everything slows down
If the MAG is put away (levels are low) we do what
We party like crazy and turn down for what
A loss of lower GI causes Metabolic what?
Metabolic Acidosis
A loss of from upper GI cause Metabolic what?
Metabolic Alkalosis
Hypoventilation causes Respiratory what?
Respiratory Acidosis
Hyperventilation causes respiratory what
Respiratory Alkalosis
What are the following common causes of: excessive sweating, diuretics, hypoaldosterone, renal disease, low-salt diet, renal failure
hyponatremia
What are the following common causes of: hyperaldosteronism, excessive ingestion of Na+, corticosteroids, Renal failure, OCCURS more
hypernatremia
What are the following commone causes of: poor oral intake, V&D, suctioning, laxatives, blood transfusion, metabolic alkalosis, decreased Na levels, diuretics
hypochloremia
What are the following common causes of: RARE TO OCCUR ALONE, loss of bicarbonate, head trauma, decreased GFR
hyperchloremia
What are the following common causes of: alkalosis, hyperaldosterone, water intoxication, and suction
Hypokalemia
What are the following common causes of: administration of K+, renal failure, Acidosis, blood transfusion, uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus
Hyperkalemia
What are the following common causes of: Inadequate oral intake, lactose intolerant, inadequate vitamin D
Hypocalcemia
What are the following common causes of: Malignancy, hyperparathyroidism, excessive oral intake, renal failure, diuretics, immobilization, Paget’s disease, Sarcoidosis, Milks alkali syndrome, addison’s disease
Hypercalcemia
What are the following common causes of: malnourishment, alcoholic withdrawal, DKA, major thermal burn, increased Ca+
Hypophosphorus
What are the following common causes of: Renal failure, certain cancer treatments, hypoparathyroidism
Hyperphosphorus
What are the following common causes of: Alcoholism, laxative abuse, diuretics, DKA, diarrhea, increased urinary output
Hypomagnesemia
What are the following common causes of: RARE TO OCCUR, renal failure, tissue injury, pregnancy induced hypertension, eating a lot of antacids, untreated DKA
Hypermagnesemia
