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Adult health care II > exam 1 heart failure/ peripheral > Flashcards

exam 1 heart failure/ peripheral Flashcards

1
Q

A condition in which the heart is unable to adequately pump blood throughout the body and/or unable to prevent blood from “backing up” into the lungs.

A

Heart failure

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2
Q

primary risk factors of Heart failure

A

coronary artery disease

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3
Q

Heart failure usually begins with

A

left ventricle systolic dysfunction

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4
Q

Failure of heart to pump blood forwards at a sufficient rate to meet metabolic demand

A

forward failure

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5
Q

ability to pump sufficient blood to meet metabolic demand only if cardiac filling pressures are abnormally high

A

backward demand

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6
Q

Shows congestion as white, dense areas, may show enlarged heart, liver congestion

A

CXR

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7
Q

what lab values are altered

A

serum BNP

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8
Q

diagnosis test that can be normal or could show ischemia, infarction, tach, hypertrophy,tamponade

A

ECG

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9
Q

tells about L and R vent function, abnormal contraction, valve problems

A

echocardiogram

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10
Q

used for patients with CAD

A

cardiac cath

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11
Q

ejection fraction >70%

A

high function

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12
Q

ejection fraction 55-70%

A

normal function

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13
Q

ejection fraction 40-55%

A

low function

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14
Q

ejection fraction

A

possible heart failure

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15
Q

BNP

A

unlikely to form CHF

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16
Q

BNP 100-500

A

may be CHF

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17
Q

BNP over 500

A

most consistent with CHF

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18
Q

what lung sound will you hear with heart failure

A

crackles

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19
Q

what heart sounds do you hear with heart failure

A

S3 or S4

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20
Q

what position would you place the patient in to reduce pulmonary congestion

A

high fowlers position

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21
Q

used to reduce afterload

A

vasodilators

22
Q

used to increase ventricular contractility

A

inotropes

23
Q

block vasoconstriction and aldosterone decrease systemic vascular resistance, after load, preload

A

Ace inhibitors

24
Q

good for diastolic dysfunction, decrease heart rate to promote L atrium emptying and improve L vent volume, decrease myocardial O2 demand

A

beta blockers

25
Q

given with clinical s/s overload, increases urinary output which leads to decrease blood volume, preload, and cardiac workload

A

diuretics

26
Q

how much salt should they have a day

A

2 grams

27
Q

what is the only thing they should take for pain

A

tylenol

28
Q

no limitation of activities, no symptoms from ordinary activities

A

Class 1

29
Q

Mid limitation of activity, comfortable with rest or mild exertion

A

class 2

30
Q

marked limitation of activity, comfortable only at rest

A

class 3

31
Q

any physical activity brings on discomfort and symptoms occurs at rest

A

class 4

32
Q

progressive narrowing, degeneration, and obstruction of arteries of extremities, usually lower involved

A

chronic arterial occlusive disease

33
Q

calf muscle pain occurring when muscle is forced to contract without adequate blood supply, pain is alleviated with rest

A

intermittent claudication

34
Q

medication used for claudication

A

pentoxifylline and cilostazol

35
Q

incision is made into the artery and the atheromatous obstruction is removed
Treatment of choice

A

endarterectomy

36
Q

can occur in healthy and diseased arteries resulting from thrombosis, embolism in healthy artery or trauma
Occurs suddenly and without warning

A

acute arterial occlusive disease

37
Q

surgical repair where they remove embolus from artery

A

embolectomy

38
Q

graft from one femoral artery to other

A

femoral-femoral bypass

39
Q

graft from femoral artery to popliteal artery

A

femoral-popliteal bypass

40
Q

graft from aorta to iliac arteries

A

aortoiliac bypass

41
Q

Episodic vasospastic disorder of the cutaneous arteries most often involving the fingers and toes

A

raynauds phenomenon

42
Q

1st line therapy for raynauds phenomenon

A

sustained released calcium channel blockers

43
Q

makes up Virchows triad

A

Stasis
Endothelial injury
hypercoagulation

44
Q

develop in areas of slow or turbulent blood flow

A

thrombi

45
Q

is criterion standard but is not always accurate

A

venogram

46
Q

different degrees of compression to different parts of leg

A

graduated compression stockings

47
Q

uses air pump by inflating and deflating sleeves at regular intervals to stimulate venous return

A

External pneumatic compression sleeves

48
Q

is inserted into inferior vena cave to catch blood clots

A

greenfield

49
Q

usually have brownish discoloration around the medial malleolus of the ankle
Skin is dry, cracked and itchy
Subcutaneous tissue is fibrotic and atrophied

A

stasis ulcers

50
Q

A paste bandage with zinc oxide, glycerin, etc
Applied without tension distal to proximal to below knee
primary dressing applied first

A

Unna Boot

Adult health care II (3 decks)

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