Exam 1 (heart And endocrine) Flashcards
What is the pulmonary circuit?
Carries blood to lungs for gas exchange and back to the heart
What is the systemic circuit ?
Carried oxygenated blood to all tissues of the body and returns deoxygenated blood to heart
What is the epicardium ?
The most superficial layer of the heart
What is the myocardium?
The layer between the epi and endocardium, the thickest layer, performs the work of the heart
What is the endocardium?
The smooth inner lining of the heart, covers valve surfaces
which hormone leads to ovulation?
LH (luteinizing hormone)
Type ____ diabetes mellitus is caused by the body’s inability to respond to insulin
2
which hormone leads to maturation of the ovarian follicle?
FSH (follicle-stimulation hormone)
Which intercellular communication types travel from an axon to a target cell?
neurotransmitters
A hormone is secreted because a different hormone signals to an endocrine gland. What type of stimulus is this?
Hormonal
A hormone is secreted because a non-hormone is at a high concentration in the blood. What type of stimulus?
Humoral
T or F, the nervous system generally has a much more general area of effect compared to the endocrine system
false
Which hormones leads to increased sperm production?
FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)
Which hormone helps regulate blood electrolyte levels?
mineralocorticoids
Which class of hormones is derived from cholesterol?
steroids
which valve is also called the mitral valve?
Left AV valve
which feature of an intercalated discs is described here: projections interlocking with the projections of the adjoining disc, providing additional contact surface area
interdigitating discs
chemical messengers transported in bloodstream, travel to distant cells, tissues and organs
hormones
mechanism of intercellular communication that is secreted into tissue fluids, affect only nearby cells, “local hormones”
paracrines
released from neurons, travel across synaptic cleft to another cell
neurotransmitters
secrete through ducts, extracellular effects, external secretions
exocrine glands
secrete into bloodstream, intracellular effects, internal secretions
endocrine glands
steroids are derived from _______?
cholesterol
examples of steroids?
sex steroids (estrogen, testosterone), corticosteroids (cortisol)
monoamines made from __________?
amino acids
examples of monoamines?
dopamine, epinephrine/norepinephrine, melatonin
peptides created from __________?
chains of amino acids
examples of peptides?
insulin, oxytocin, glucagon
anterior pituitary called __________?
adenohypophysis
the anterior pituitary communicates with the hypothalamus via
the hypophysial portal system
posterior pituitary called _________?
neurohypophysis
what are the two gonadotropin hormones?
FSH, LH
TSH=
thyroid stimulating hormone
ACTH=
adrenocorticotropic hormone
PRL=
prolactin
GH=
growth hormone
function of FSH in females?
stimulates secretion of sex hormones and development of ovarian follicles
function of FSH in males?
stimulates sperm production
function of LH in females?
stimulates ovulation
function of LH in males?
stimulates secretion of testosterone
function of TSH ?
stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone
function of ACTH?
stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
function of PRL?
stimulates mammary glands to produce milk
function of GH?
causes growth in many tissues, organs
what are the two posterior pituitary hormones?
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and OT (oxytocin)
function of antidiuretic hormone?
increases water retention, decreases urine volume
function of OT ocytocin?
stimulates labor contraction during birth; positive feedback
function of the thyroid hormone ?
increases metabolic rate, appetite and alertness
function of mineralocorticoids?
regulate electrolyte balance, ex: aldosterone
function of glucocorticoids?
stimulated by ACTH from pituitary gland, ex. cortisol
what are the pancreatic islets?
endocrine cell clusters on pancreas
