Exam 1 (heart And endocrine)

Question 1

What is the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 1

Carries blood to lungs for gas exchange and back to the heart

Question 2

What is the systemic circuit ?

Answer 2

Carried oxygenated blood to all tissues of the body and returns deoxygenated blood to heart

Question 3

What is the epicardium ?

Answer 3

The most superficial layer of the heart

Question 4

What is the myocardium?

Answer 4

The layer between the epi and endocardium, the thickest layer, performs the work of the heart

Question 5

What is the endocardium?

Answer 5

The smooth inner lining of the heart, covers valve surfaces

Question 6

which hormone leads to ovulation?

Answer 6

LH (luteinizing hormone)

Question 7

Type ____ diabetes mellitus is caused by the body’s inability to respond to insulin

Answer 7

2

Question 8

which hormone leads to maturation of the ovarian follicle?

Answer 8

FSH (follicle-stimulation hormone)

Question 9

Which intercellular communication types travel from an axon to a target cell?

Answer 9

neurotransmitters

Question 10

A hormone is secreted because a different hormone signals to an endocrine gland. What type of stimulus is this?

Answer 10

Hormonal

Question 11

A hormone is secreted because a non-hormone is at a high concentration in the blood. What type of stimulus?

Answer 11

Humoral

Question 12

T or F, the nervous system generally has a much more general area of effect compared to the endocrine system

Answer 12

false

Question 13

Which hormones leads to increased sperm production?

Answer 13

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

Question 14

Which hormone helps regulate blood electrolyte levels?

Answer 14

mineralocorticoids

Question 15

Which class of hormones is derived from cholesterol?

Answer 15

steroids

Question 16

which valve is also called the mitral valve?

Answer 16

Left AV valve

Question 17

which feature of an intercalated discs is described here: projections interlocking with the projections of the adjoining disc, providing additional contact surface area

Answer 17

interdigitating discs

Question 18

chemical messengers transported in bloodstream, travel to distant cells, tissues and organs

Answer 18

hormones

Question 19

mechanism of intercellular communication that is secreted into tissue fluids, affect only nearby cells, “local hormones”

Answer 19

paracrines

Question 20

released from neurons, travel across synaptic cleft to another cell

Answer 20

neurotransmitters

Question 21

secrete through ducts, extracellular effects, external secretions

Answer 21

exocrine glands

Question 22

secrete into bloodstream, intracellular effects, internal secretions

Answer 22

endocrine glands

Question 23

steroids are derived from _______?

Answer 23

cholesterol

Question 24

examples of steroids?

Answer 24

sex steroids (estrogen, testosterone), corticosteroids (cortisol)

Question 25

monoamines made from __________?

Answer 25

amino acids

Question 26

examples of monoamines?

Answer 26

dopamine, epinephrine/norepinephrine, melatonin

Question 27

peptides created from __________?

Answer 27

chains of amino acids

Question 28

examples of peptides?

Answer 28

insulin, oxytocin, glucagon

Question 29

anterior pituitary called __________?

Answer 29

adenohypophysis

Question 30

the anterior pituitary communicates with the hypothalamus via

Answer 30

the hypophysial portal system

Question 31

posterior pituitary called _________?

Answer 31

neurohypophysis

Question 32

what are the two gonadotropin hormones?

Answer 32

FSH, LH

Question 33

TSH=

Answer 33

thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 34

ACTH=

Answer 34

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 35

PRL=

Answer 35

prolactin

Question 36

GH=

Answer 36

growth hormone

Question 37

function of FSH in females?

Answer 37

stimulates secretion of sex hormones and development of ovarian follicles

Question 38

function of FSH in males?

Answer 38

stimulates sperm production

Question 39

function of LH in females?

Answer 39

stimulates ovulation

Question 40

function of LH in males?

Answer 40

stimulates secretion of testosterone

Question 41

function of TSH ?

Answer 41

stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone

Question 42

function of ACTH?

Answer 42

stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

Question 43

function of PRL?

Answer 43

stimulates mammary glands to produce milk

Question 44

function of GH?

Answer 44

causes growth in many tissues, organs

Question 45

what are the two posterior pituitary hormones?

Answer 45

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and OT (oxytocin)

Question 46

function of antidiuretic hormone?

Answer 46

increases water retention, decreases urine volume

Question 47

function of OT ocytocin?

Answer 47

stimulates labor contraction during birth; positive feedback

Question 48

function of the thyroid hormone ?

Answer 48

increases metabolic rate, appetite and alertness

Question 49

function of mineralocorticoids?

Answer 49

regulate electrolyte balance, ex: aldosterone

Question 50

function of glucocorticoids?

Answer 50

stimulated by ACTH from pituitary gland, ex. cortisol

Question 51

what are the pancreatic islets?

Answer 51

endocrine cell clusters on pancreas