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Primary Care 2 > Exam 1: Geriatrics and ID > Flashcards

Exam 1: Geriatrics and ID Flashcards

1
Q

a disorder or syndrome that is attributable to retardation, cerebral palsy, autism, spina bifida, or Prader-Willi syndrome; that manifests before the age of 18; and that constitutes a substantial handicap that can reasonably be expected to continue indefinitely.

A

Developmental disability definition from florida statutes

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2
Q

a group of disabling symptoms of extended duration which results from damage to the developing brain that may occur before, during, or after birth and that results in the loss or impairment of control over voluntary muscles

A

Cerebral Palsy

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3
Q

an inherited condition typified by neonatal hypotonia with failure to thrive, hyperphagia or an excessive drive to eat which leads to obesity usually at 18 to 36 months of age, mild to moderate mental retardation, hypogonadism, short stature, mild facial dysmorphism, and a characteristic neurobehavior

A

Prader Willi syndrome

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4
Q

degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality and strength associated with aging; component of the frailty syndrome; often a component of cachexia

A

Sarcopenia

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5
Q

bones are weaker than normal but not so far gone that they break easily

A

Osteopenia

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6
Q

most common type of sensorineural hearing loss caused by natural aging of the auditory system; initially affects the ability to hear higher pitched sounds

A

Presbycusis

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7
Q

farsightedness caused by loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye; typically occurring in the middle and old age

A

Presbyopia

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8
Q

dry mouth due to reduced or absent saliva flow’ symptom of many various medical conditions

A

Xerostomia

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9
Q

waives the entitlement for institutional care; provides funding for other services

A

Home and community based services waiver

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10
Q

IQ for ID

A

<70

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11
Q

Environmental causes of ID

A

Prenatal: fetal alcohol spectrum
Perinatal: hypoxic brain injury
Postnatal: lead toxicity

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12
Q

Genetic causes of ID

A

Metabolic: PKU
Chromosomal: trisomy 21
Structural: tuberous sclerosis

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13
Q

Secondary health consequences of ID

A

rampant dental decay secondary to inability to perform oral hygiene, aspiration pneumonia dye to dysphagia, constipation, nutritional deficiencies, etc.

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14
Q

Most common genetic diagnosis

A

Down syndrome

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15
Q

Most common inherited diagnosis

A

Fragile X

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16
Q

Most common acquired diagnosis

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome

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17
Q

Diagnostic for Down syndrome

A

Brushfield spots, mid face hypoplasia, heart defects (AV canal most common), chromosomal analysis trisomy 21

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18
Q

Common health problems seen with down syndrome

A

Hirschsprung disease, hypothyroidism, leukemia, hearing impairment

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19
Q

Health problems in fragile X

A

Hyperactivity, impulsivity and short attention span, executive function deficits, over reactivity to stimuli, anxiety, autism, mood instability

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20
Q

Prader willi syndrome

A

Chromosome 15 deletion
Hyperphagia, almond shaped eyes, hypogonadism, variable intellectual disability, frequently require behavior modification

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21
Q

Principles of person first language

A

 Principle one: person first language
 Principle two: disability vs handicap
 Principle three: we all like to think of ourselves as normal
 Principle four: avoid terms that project an unnecessary negative connotation
 Principle five: don’t overdo it

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22
Q

Glaucoma screening

A

Every 3-5 years if age 19-39 and high risk; every 2 years if 40-64, every 1-2 years >65 years old

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23
Q

Dementia screening for down syndrome

A

Annually >40

24
Q

Down syndrome additional testing

A

Thyroid function every 3 years
Cervical spine X ray to rule out atlanto-axial instability
Echo

25
Q

Life expectancy for down syndrome

A

60 years old

26
Q

Osteoporosis due to

A

Decrease in estrogen, reduced calcium intake and vitamin D, lack of exercise, heavy drinking, smoking, prolonged use of medications, and anti-depressants

27
Q

Sarcopenia due to

A

Slowing metabolism, reduced testosterone and growth hormone, reduced protein intake, sedentary lifestyle

28
Q

Presbyopia

A

Lens of eye becomes stiffer and less flexible; affects ability to focus on close objects (accommodation)

29
Q

Presbycusis

A

Age related change in ability to detect higher pitches

30
Q

Frailness is presence of 3/5 of these

A

Involuntary weight loss, weakness, slow walking speed, self-reported exhaustion, low physical activity

31
Q

General aging and health issues for down syndrome

A

hypotonia, congenital heart defects, hypothyroidism and diabetes risk, leukemia risk, nystagmus, frequent OM, excess cerumen, amyloid plaques, epilepsy increases, osteoporosis

32
Q

2 cardinal characteristics of autism

A

impairment in social communication and interaction, restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior

33
Q

Functional decline

A

Process in which a person is unable to perform at the same level of activity as previously

34
Q

Cognitive enhancer meds

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors: aricept, exelon, razadyne
NMDA receptor antagonist: namenda
Herbal supplements: gingko biloba

35
Q

Estrogen and seizures

A

Causes increase in neuronal excitability, decrease in seizure threshold and pro-convulsant

36
Q

Progesterone and seizures

A

Causes increase in seizure threshold; works as GABA mediated anticonvulsant

37
Q

Seizure medication and OCP

A

Can affect

38
Q

Acquiescence

A

tendency to agree

39
Q

1st gen antipsychotic

A

Haldol

40
Q

2nd gen antipsychotic

A

risperdal and abilify

41
Q

Most important thing to look for to indicate possibility of abuse

A

Change

42
Q

Geriatric age

A

> 60

43
Q

Critical components of geriatric assessment

A

function, cognition, fall risk, mood, polypharmacy, social support, financial concerns, advanced care directives

44
Q

5 I’s of geriatrics

A

intellectual impairment, immobility, instability, incontinence, iatrogenic disorders

45
Q

Normal score on the mini mental status exam

A

27-30

46
Q

Instrumental activities of daily living

A

ability to shop, cook, manage finances, transportation, housework, manage medication

47
Q

Gait speed predicts

A

functional decline, identify those at risk for falls, identify frail clients, determine risk vs benefit of certain treatments

48
Q

xerostomia

A

dry mouth

49
Q

4th heart sound in geriatrics

A

normal with no evidence of CV disease

50
Q

ADL’s

A

dressing, eating, ambulating, transfer and toilet, hygiene

51
Q

Atypical presentation of infectious disease

A

• Absence of fever, sepsis without usual leukocytosis and fever, falls, decreased appetite, decreased fluid intake, confusion, change in functional status

52
Q

Atypical presentation of acute abdomen

A

• Absence of symptoms, mild discomfort and constipation, some tachypnea

53
Q

Atypical presentation of malignance

A

• Back pain secondary to metastases from slow growing breast masses, silent masses of the bowel

54
Q

Atypical presentation of MI

A

• Absence of chest pain, vague fatigue, nausea, decrease in functional status, SOB more common than chest pain

55
Q

Atypical presentation of thyroid disease

A
  • Hyper: fatigue and slowing down

* Hypo: confusion and agitation

56
Q

Sexual misconduct law

A

Activity between service provider and individual with developmental disability; second degree felony
Failure to report is a first degree felony

Primary Care 2 (5 decks)

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