Exam 1: Genomics & Assessment/Health Promotion & Violence and Women Flashcards
Found that all human beings are 99.9% identical at the DNA level
Human Genome Project
Human Genome project has led to: (4)
-molecular-based medicine
-biotechnology
-waste control/environmental cleanup
-genetic risk assessments for clinical use
Single most cost-effective piece of genetic information for understanding a patient’s risk for disease
Family history
Gene identification and testing include: (2)
-genetic testing registry
-predictive testing
(presymptomatic & predispositional)
Carrier screenings are often included in ________, which includes:
newborn assessments
-cystic fibrosis
-sickle cell
-tay-sachs
Pharmacogenomics analyzes genes to:
guide clients drug therapy
Clinical genetic tests: (3)
-Trisomy
-Sex chromosome
-Cancer
Trisomy 21
Down syndrome
Trisomy 18
Edward Syndrome
Trisomy 13
Patau syndrome
Monosomy X female
Turner syndrome
Trisomy XXY male
Klinefelter syndrome
BRCA1 or BRCA2
hereditary breast/ovarian cancer
Ethical, legal, and social implications of gene studies (4)
-privacy and fairness in use and interpretation of genetic information
-clinical integration of genetic technology
-Ethical issues regarding informed consent
-Education of professionals and the public about genetics and research
Nursing implications in genetics
-Genetic counseling will be intertwined in Women’s Health Clinics
-Nurses should know about testing and be able to present clients w/ facts and reliable resources
-Nurses should respect patient’s choices to pursue testing and decisions that may follow after results
Breast function (2)
-lactation
-sexual arousal in mature adults
Hormone stimulates growth in breasts and increases vascularity
Estrogen
Hormone causes mammary gland maturation
progesterone
Denotes first menstruation
Menarche
Menses is expected to start around ages _________ and is expected to be _______ over the first year
8-11 years
irregular
day one is the first day of bleeding and ends with the first day of the next period
menstrual cycle
Estrogen is high during ________ half of cycle
first
progesterone is high during _________ half of cycle
second
Average length of menstrual cycle is _______; average length of menses ___________
-28 days
-5-6 days
shedding of the uterine lining
menses
during menses, estrogen and progesterone are:
low
Time between first day of period and ovulation
Follicular phase
During Follicular phase, ________ follicles mature under influence of hormones ____ and _____
1-30 follicles
FSH and estrogen
During ovulation: (3)
-LH surge causes rapid development of one follicle
-Drop in estrogen levels
-Release of egg into fallopian tube
Immediately follows ovulation and ends with menstruation
Luteal Phase
During Luteal Phase:
-Estrogen and progesterone are secreted by corpus luteum
-Body prepares for fertilization and pregnancy
How long does Luteal phase last?
14 days
Ovarian Cycle phases (in order) (3)
-Follicular phase
-Ovulation phase
-Luteal Phase
Endometrial Cycle phases (in order) (4)
-Menstrual phase
-Proliferative phase
-Secretory phase
-Ischemic phase
Menstrual phase:
Shedding of functional two-thirds of endometrium initiated by periodic vasoconstriction
(active bleeding, menses)
Proliferative phase:
rapid growth of endometrial tissue starting from 5th day-ovulation
Secretory phase: (3)
-Extends from ovulation to 3 days before next menses
-High levels of progesterone, vascularization of endometrium
-Preparation to support pregnancy
Ischemic phase:
Blood supply to functional endometrium is blocked in preparation of menstrual phase and menses
pelvic muscle exercise designed to strengthen the muscles that support the pelvic floor
Kegal exercises
Kegel exercises are also beneficial:
-reduction of urinary incontinance
-during pregnancy
-postpartum
Reasons for seeking healthcare (5)
-preconception counseling and care
-pregnancy/abortion
-menstrual problems
-well and sick care
-fertility control/infertility
Barriers to seeking healthcare (5)
-social determinants of health
-financial issues
-cultural issues
-gender issues
-sexual orientation
behavior by an intimate partner or ex-partner that causes physical, sexual or psychological harm, including physical aggression, sexual coercion, psychological abuse and controlling behavior
intimate partner violence (IPV)
Most common form of violence against women
intimate partner violence
Socio-ecological model: involves strategies of: ___(7)___ to establish power and control
-intimidation
-coercion and threats
-economic abuse
-male privilege
-children
-denial and blaming
-isolation and emotional abuse
Time when women are most at risk for IPV:
attempting to leave their partner
Survivors of IPV may experience
PTSD
IPV during pregnancy increases risk of: (4)
-spontaneous abortion
-preterm delivery
-low birthweight
-neonatal death
Almost __ in ____ women have experienced rape at some point in their lives
1 in 5
__ in ___ women have experienced some form of sexual violence in their lives
1 in 3
common consequences of sexual assault (2)
-rape trauma
-PTSD
Collaborative care for sexual violence patients include: (3)
-psych first aid
-sexual assault exam by SANEs
-History, collection of evidence and documentation
