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CVM710: Anatomy (Shelby) > Exam 1: General concepts of Bones & Joints > Flashcards

Exam 1: General concepts of Bones & Joints Flashcards

1
Q

what does osteology mean

A

study of bones

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2
Q

what does osteomyelitis mean

A

bone infection

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3
Q

what does osteotomy mean

A

cut bone

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4
Q

store minerals and fat, blood cell formation. Is an actively metabolizing tissue that change in in shape, size, and position by
mechanical or biochemical demands

A

Bone

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5
Q

Group of bones that serves for support, protection, providing levers for
muscular action and movement

A

Skeleton

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6
Q

Composition of Bone:
Organic matter (mostly collagen) makes up what %

A

33%

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7
Q

Composition of Bone:
What inorganic compound has the highest percentage in bone

A

calcium 39%

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8
Q

Composition of Bone:
Inorganic components make up what %

A

67%

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9
Q

Bone contains _______% of the body’s calcium and phosphate

A

99%

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10
Q

Why are greenstick fractures common in younger animals

A

Younger animals have more flexible bones because they have more collagen

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11
Q

What happens to bone if you only keep mineral (inorganic compounds)

How do you do this?

A

burn the bones

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12
Q

What are the topographic classifications of bones

A

Axial skeleton (axis; main line of body)

Appendicular skeleton( limbs)

Heterotropic skeleton (mineralized structures)

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13
Q

total number of bones in a dog

A

321

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14
Q

Classification of bones by shape: Long bone

A

typical of the limbs

three centers of ossification: one for the shaft (diaphysis), and one for each
extremity (epiphysis)

Have a medullary cavity

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15
Q

Classification of bones by shape: Short bone

A

have no dimension that
greatly exceeds the others

No medullary cavity

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16
Q

Classification of bones by shape: Flat bone

A

expanded in two directions

No medullary cavity

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17
Q

Not a shape classification, but a characteristic of some flat bones of the skull in domestic mammals

A

Pneumatic bones

example: frontal bone

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18
Q

In mammals, pneumatic bones are confined to the _________ and contain the paranasal sinuses
(which communicate with the nasal cavity)

Excavated to contain ____________ spaces

A

skull
air-filled

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19
Q

What does this picture show

A

Pneumatic bones:
Elephant skull
sinuses

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20
Q

In what animal do some of the long bones have air pockets that communicate extensively with the respiratory system

A

BIRDS

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21
Q

What animal would have long bones that have air pockets like this

A

BIRDS

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22
Q

What is blue box referring to

A

Proximal epiphysis

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23
Q

what are the red boxes referring to

A

Physis (growth plate)

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24
Q

what is the green box referring to

A

Diaphysis (body shaft)

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25
Q

what is the yellow box referring to

A

Distal epiphysis

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26
Q

what is the pink referring to

A

articular surfaces covered by articular cartilage in epiphysis

27
Q

what are the grey areas referring to

A

Metaphysis

28
Q

What is the green referring to

A

Spongey bone (Epiphysis/metaphysis)

29
Q

what is the red referring to

A

Compact bone (cortex)

very strong

30
Q

what is the pink referring to

A

Nutrient foramen

31
Q

what is the blue referring

A

Medullary cavity (marrow cavity)

32
Q

What do pockets of spongey bone get filled with

A

bone marrow

33
Q

What kind of bone is the blue arrow point to

A

Spongey bone

34
Q

what kind of bone is the red arrow pointing

A

Compact bone (cortex)

35
Q

What kind of bone is referred to as “irregular”

A

vertebra

36
Q

what kind of bones are ribs/bones of the skull

A

Flat bone

There is no medullary cavity

37
Q

What classification of bone is a femur

A

Long bone

38
Q

what is the red arrow pointing to on the bone

A

Compact bone (cortex)

39
Q

what is the pink arrow pointing to on the bone

A

Compact bone (cortex)

40
Q

what is the blue arrow pointing to on the bone

A

Medullary cavity (marrow cavity)
long bone

41
Q

What is the blue arrow pointing to

A

Hyalin articular cartilage
(helps with friction with other bone)

42
Q

What is the red arrow pointing to

A

Periosteum
(contains lots of sensory nerves; external membrane of bone)

43
Q

what is the green arrow pointing to

A

Joint capsule

44
Q

Is red bone marrow or yellow marrow richly vascularized, gelatinous tissue with hemopoietic properties

A

red bone marrow

45
Q

Is red bone marrow or yellow marrow hemopoietic potential is “inactive”

A

yellow marrow

46
Q

Initial formation of a cartilage model that is subsequently resorbed while serving as matrix bone development

A

Endochondral ossification

47
Q

What are primary centers of ossification

A

Before birth, located in the
diaphysis

48
Q

What are secondary centers of ossification

A

After birth, located in epiphysis and large eminences

49
Q

Cartilaginous plate (physis) remains between and separates adjacent centers until bone is _______________

A

mature

50
Q

Continuous cartilage production, with subsequent resorption and ossification, at these plates is what allows a developing bone to _____________

A

elongate

51
Q

Bones form directly within a sheet of connective tissues

no cartilage model is involved

characteristic of many flat bone

A

Intramembranous ossification

52
Q

T/F most bones actually develop from a mixture of endochondral and intramembranous ossification

A

TRUE

53
Q

Significance of Nutrient foramina

A

Where blood supply enters bone

may resemble a fracture on radiographs

often where sings of panosteitis are first detectable

54
Q

The blue arrow is pointing to a structure labeled #3

what is this

A

Nutrient artery

55
Q

The blue arrow is pointing to a structure labeled #1

A

Epiphysial arteries

56
Q

The blue arrow is pointing to a structure labeled #2

A

metaphysial arteries

57
Q

Bones have a generous blood supply, near to
_________% of the cardiac output

A

5-10%

58
Q

Sesamoid bones:
Sesamo means

A

Seed

59
Q

What are the categories of “centers of ossification”

A

Primary and secondary

60
Q

What is the yellow line representing

A

Endosteum (inner membrane of bone before bone marrow)

61
Q

What is the yellow arrow pointing to in the bone

A

Spongey bone

62
Q

What happens to bone when you only keep organic material

How do you do this

A

It becomes flexible; only collagen is leftover

soak it in nitric acid

63
Q

T/F Bone is an organ

A

TRUE

CVM710: Anatomy (Shelby) (38 decks)

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