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Exams 2 > Exam 1 - Gait > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Gait Flashcards

1
Q

Locomotor Unit of gait

A

Ankle, knees, hips, pelvis

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2
Q

Passenger Unit of gait

A

pelvis, head, arms, and trunk

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3
Q

Distance variables of gait

A

Length of step
Stride
Width of base of support
Foot angles

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4
Q

Temporal variables of gait

A

Velocity - d/t

Cadence - steps/min

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5
Q

Average length of step

A

15 inches

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6
Q

Cadence

A

Steps per minute

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7
Q

Step length

A

distance between two successive steps on same foot

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8
Q

Normal foot angle

A

7 degrees

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9
Q

Heel strike

A

When heel of leading extremity strikes groun

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10
Q

Foot flat

A

Immediately after strike when foot fully contacts ground

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11
Q

Midstance

A

Body passes directly over supporting foot

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12
Q

Heel off

A

point at midstance when heel leaves ground

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13
Q

Toe off or push off

A

Hyperextension of knee and on ball of fo

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14
Q

Stages of stance phase of gait (traditional)

A 
Heel strike
Flat foot
Midstance
Heel off
Toe off or push off
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15
Q

Stages of swing phase of gait (traditional)

A

Acceleration
Midswing
Deceleration

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16
Q

Acceleration phase of gait

A

Portion of swing when toe leaves the ground to point where it is directly under body

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17
Q

Midswing phase of gait

A

Portion where the swing phase when extremity passes from directly beneath body to point where it decelerates

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18
Q

Deceleration phase of gait

A

Deceleration in preparation for heel strike

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19
Q

Stance phases of gait (RLA)

A 
Initial contact
Loading response
Midstance
Terminal stance
Preswing
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20
Q

Swing phases of gait (RLA)

A

Initial swing
Midswing
Terminal swing

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21
Q

Initial contact of gait (RLA)

A

heel or another part of foot contacts ground

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22
Q

Loading response (RLA)

A

Putting body weight over leg; immediately following initial contact and continues until CL extremity leaves the ground

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23
Q

Mistance (RLA)

A

begins when contralateral extremity lifts off ground and when body is directly over supporting limb

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24
Q

Terminal stance (RLA)

A

Begins with heel raise and continues until contralateral limb contacts ground

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25
Q

Preswing (RLA)

A

period just following heel off to toe off of the reference limb

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26
Q

Initial swing (RLA)

A

Extremity leaves ground to the point of maximum knee flexion

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27
Q

Midswing (RLA)

A

Full flexion to perpendicular tibia

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28
Q

Terminal swing (RLA)

A

Vertical tibial position to a position prior to initial contact

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29
Q

Weight acceptance

A

Phases of IC and LR (weight is rapidly loaded on outstretched limb)
Accomplishments: forward progression, stability, and shock absorption

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30
Q

Single limb support

A

Period when body progresses over a single limb

Weight is transferred onto metatarsal heads and heel comes off ground

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31
Q

Swing limb advancement

A

Limb is moved from behind body to in front of body
Phases: pre-swing, initial swing, midswing, and terminal swing
Accomplishments: foot clearance with limb advancement

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32
Q

Accomplishment of weight bearing limbs if gait tasks are completed successfully

A

Maintain upright stability
Generate a propulsive force
Minimize shock of floor impact
Conserve energy

33
Q

Joint values during initial contact

A

Pelvis - 5 forward
Hip - 25 flex
Knee, Ankle, Toes - 0

34
Q

Joint values during loading response

A 
Pelvis - 5 forward 
Hip - 25 flex 
Knee - 15 flex 
Ankle - 10 PF
Toes - 0
35
Q

Joint values during midswing

A 
Pelvis - 0 
Hip - 0 
Knee - 0 
Ankle - 5 DF
Toes - 0
36
Q

Joint values during terminal stance

A 
Pelvis - 5 BR
Hip - 20 ext 
Knee - 0 
Ankle - 10 DF
Toes - 30 MTP ext
37
Q

Joint values during preswing

A 
Pelvis - 5 BR
Hip - 0 
Knee - 40 flex 
Ankle - 20 PF 
Toes - 60 MTP ext
38
Q

Joint values during initial swing

A 
Pelvis - 5 BR
Hip - 15 flex 
Knee - 60 flex 
Ankle - 10 PF
Toes - 0
39
Q

Joint values during midswing

A 
Pelvis - 0 
Hip - 25 flex 
Knee - 25 ext 
Ankle - 0 
Toes - 0
40
Q

Joint values during terminal swing

A 
Pelvis - 5 FR
Hip - 25 flex 
Knee - 0 
Ankle - 0 
Toes - 0
41
Q

Pre tibial muscles most active during which phase of gait

A

Heel strike (initial contact) and swing phase

42
Q

Weakness of pretibial muscles cause

A

Drag toes and trip

43
Q

Calf muscles most active during which phase of gait

A

Push off or terminal stance to prevent forward collapse of tibia

44
Q

Weakness of gastroc in gait will cause

A

Problems with push off and slow gait

45
Q

Tightness in gastroc in gait will cause

A

Knee flexion and will have shuffled gait because you cannot extend

46
Q

Contracture of gastroc during gait will cause

A

Walk on toes and decreased balance

47
Q

Weakenss of peroneals during gait will cause

A

Varus foot position and bowleg position; increase potential for falling; gait slowed

48
Q

Quads most active during which phase of gait

A

After heel strike to absorb forces and control knee flexion as move into stance

49
Q

Weakness of quads during gait will cause

A

Forward flexion of trunk to bring COG anterior

50
Q

Hamstrings most active during which phase of gait

A

Initial part of swing (concentric) and in late swing (eccentric) to control knee extension; initial contact just prior to loading response to check forward movement of hip

51
Q

Weakness in hamstrings will cause what problems during gait

A

Don’t get max knee flexion and could get toe drag; might fail to decelearte for heel strike

52
Q

Tightness in hamstring will cause what problems with gait

A

inadequate knee extension which will shorten step and stride

53
Q

Gluteus maximus most active during which phase of gait

A

Heel strike

54
Q

Weakness in gluteus maximus can cause what problems during gait

A

Backward lean or lurch at heel strike to check trunk flexion momentum

55
Q

Gluteus medius most active in which phase of gait

A

Heel strike for lateral stability; and stance to control lateral drop of pelvis

56
Q

Weakness of gluteus medius will cause what problems for gait

A

Pelvis falls on swing side affecting balance

57
Q

Actions of hip flexors during gait

A

Initiate swing through

58
Q

Weakness of hip flexors during gait will cause what problems

A

Swing falls off so step length falls off

59
Q

Hip adductors most active in which phase of gait

A

Just after heel strike

60
Q

Weakness in hip adductors will cause what problems in gait

A

Excessively adducted legs during gait; exagerated BOS

61
Q

Tightness in hip adductors will cause what problems in gait

A

narrow BOS

62
Q

Erector spinae most active in which phases of gait

A

IC and loading response

63
Q

Foot slap

A

forceful contraction of forefoot following heel strike due to weakness of dorsiflexors unable to deaccelerate foot

64
Q

Steppage gait

A

Excessive hip or knee flexion secondary to dorsiflexion weakness; noted during swing phase

65
Q

Calcaneus gait

A

Heel does not come off ground because of weakness of gastroc

66
Q

Toe Walking

A

Keep heel off of ground with tiptoe posture due to plantar flexor contracture

67
Q

Quadriceps gait

A

inadequate strength control of quads so knee is thrown into extension to minimize quad activity; accompanied by forward hip flexion to augment forward momentum

68
Q

Vaulting gait

A

Rise up on toes in stance so swing leg can clear ground due to lack of knee flexion or foot drop

69
Q

Gluteus Medius lurch

A

Excessive lateral trunk flexion over stance leg because of weak hip abductors to decrease COG

70
Q

Trendelenburg gait

A

Pelvis dropping on unaffected side during stance on the affected side due to gluteus medius weakness

71
Q

Duck Waddle gait

A

Bilateral trendelenburg due to gluteus medius weakness

72
Q

Hip hiking

A

Quadratus lumborum elevates the limb so it can clear the ground

73
Q

Backward Trunk

A

Lurching in order to maintain an upright posture; trunk is thrust posteriorly at heel strike to account for gluteus maximus weakness

74
Q

Scissors Gait

A

Femurs are adducted because of increased muscle activity in adductor

75
Q

Circumduction

A

During swing phase leg is swung in an arc away from the body midline

76
Q

Parkinsonian Gait

A

Increased cadence and shuffling gait which causes swing and shuffle shortened; are not getting heel off and toe off

77
Q

Antalgic gait

A

avoidance of wt bearing on affected side and shortening of stance phase in an attempt to unload the limb as much as possible

78
Q

Hemipalegic gait

A

Both circumduction and hip hike; forearm rotated; wrist/elbow contracted

79
Q

Psoatic gait

A

Turning leg out and using psoas to flex hip and pull leg through

Exams 2 (5 decks)

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