Exam 1 Flash cards
Action
means by which we explore and learn from the world
Summary of Piaget
Psychologist from switzerland who summarized that his scientific study of general revelation unites science and truth
Schemata or Schemes
patterns of actions or mold into which we pour our experiences (mentally)
Organized ways of making sense of experiences
How do chemes change with age
First schemes: sensorimotor action patterns
Later: deliberate and creative
What learning?
Learning is active, not passive
What are two processes of Scheme evolution?
Assimilation and Accommodation
What is well-adapted intelligence?
Equilibration-Equal balance of the two (Assimilation and Accommodation)
How does adaptation build schemes?
Through direct interaction with the environment
How does assimilation build schemes?
By using current schemes to interpret the external world
How does accommodation build schemes?
Adjusting old schemes and creating new ones to better fit the environment
When and what is the sensorimotor stage?
Birth to 2 years and it is building schemes through sensory and motor exploration
What is included in infant/ toddler cognitive development?
Reflexes and growth of intentional actions, development of imitation, and achieving object permanence
What sensorimotor substage happens between birth and 1 month?
Reflexive schemes
What sensorimotor substage happens between 1 -4 months?
Primary circular reactions
What sensorimotor substage happens between 4-8 months?
Secondary circular reactions
What sensorimotor substage happens between 8-12 months?
Coordination of secondary circular reactions
What sensorimotor substage happens between 12-18 months?
Tertiary circular reaction
What sensorimotor substage happens between 18 months- 2 years?
Mental representation
Challenges for Piaget’s Theory?
Intentional actions, imitation, intentional learning, and object permeance
What is object permanence?
Understanding objects continues to exist when out of sight
How is object permanence revealed?
By retrieval of hidden objects and by tasks involving invisible displacement
How can one identify if awareness is not yet complete for object permeance?
A-not-B search error
What is the violation-of-expectation method?
Renee Baillargeon, Habituation followed by expected event vs. unexpected event
How is longer looking at unexpected interpreted?
As a violation of expectation suggesting some form of object permeance