Exam 1 Family Medicine and COME Flashcards
- The biopsychosocial model:
A. Every unit is a whole and a part at the same time.
B. An individual is the highest form of organism but is the lowest from of social being.
C. Every system acts/interacts with its environment
D. A, B and C are true
E. Only A and B are true
D. A, B and C are true
- The BPS model of health and disease:
A. The state of illness is a dynamic state
B. Illness is caused by interaction of several factors
C. The person is best understood as composed of separate entities: body and mind
D. A, B and C are true
E. Only A and B are true
E. Only A and B are true
- The BPS Model in mental health and illness:
A. Human personality is formed by the interaction of biological factors with the environment and social factors.
B. Human personality is solely biologically determined
C. Psychopathology originates from the psychological aspects of a person’s behavior
D. A, B and C are true
E. Only A and B are true
A. Human personality is formed by the interaction of biological factors with the environment and social factors.
- clinical implications of the BPS model of mental health and illness.
A. Stress always come directly from within an individual
B. To bring about change in a person’s behavior, one must address combination of biological, psychological and social factors
C. All clinical interventions must be patient centered
D. A, B and C are true
E. Only A and B are true
B. To bring about change in a person’s behavior, one must address combination of biological, psychological and social factors
- Among the biological, psychological and social factors that cause mental illness
A. Biological factors are the most basic
B. Psychosocial factors have priority
C. The person’s psychosocial needs should be addressed first
D. A, B and C are true
E. Only A and B are true
A. Biological factors are the most basic
- The theoretical premises of the BPS model have evolved into the following clinical hypothesis
A. The patient’s problems may be caused by multiple etiologies
B. A patient may be predisposed to developing mental illness by a combination of biological, psychological and social factors
C. The multimodal approach to interventions is preferred to a single treatment modality
D. A, B and C are true
E. Only A and B are true
D. A, B and C are true
- The BPS model is illustrated in depression:
A. The risk factors are a combination of BPS factors.
B. Management is purely psychotherapy
C. A and B are true
A. The risk factors are a combination of BPS factors.
- The BPS model of depression:
A. Management is a combination of pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy
B. Educating the family about the causes of depression is important
C. Social factors like family dysfunction are not critical in the causation
D. Only A and B are true
D. Only A and B are true
25. The BPS model of psychopathology: A. Applies to schizophrenia B. Applies to depression C. Applies to personality disorders D. A, B and C are true E. Only A and B are true
D. A, B and C are true
Refers to the spread of infection through the environment
Transmission Process
Provides a suitable place for an infectious agent to grow and multiply
Host
Promoting or maintaining health or averting illness
Prevention
Management of disease to minimize disability
Tertiary Prevention
Discuss problems regularly with someone with a listening ear
Guidelines for Mental Health
- Mr. Delos Reyes is having bereavement counseling after his wife died two weeks ago.
- Melissa has fever during afternoons.
- Dr. Climaco is explaining to the family the benefits of hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis.
- The Rivera family has coped with the death of their father.
- Lilia had sudden onset of right lower quadrant pain and was immediately brought to the hospital
- Angel recently had a below the knee amputation
- Mr. Urio was angry at the doctor because they did not disclose the diagnosis earlier
- Rogelio joined an alcoholic support group after rehabilitation.
- Clarissa is deciding whether to have chemotherapy or not.
a. Onset of illness
b. Reaction to diagnosis
c. Major therapeutic efforts
d. Early adjustment to outcome
e. Adjustment to the permanency of outcome
- E; 2. A; 3. C; 4. E; 5. A; 7. C; 8. B; 9. E; 10. C
- Health students were asked to make a community-based health program. Which of the following groups truly practiced COPAR?
a. One group met with the BHWs and other community members. They held FGDs to determine the problems of the community. The data from the FGDs were processed and analyzed by the students and then they presented it to the community.
b. One group used a questionnaire from a famous international public health organization. They asked the BHWs how to disseminate the questionnaires. The BHWs agreed to help. The data they gathered were analyzed by the students and the BHWs. The results were then presented to the community.
c. One group gathered the community and BHWs. They were asked to picture a healthy community in their minds. They determined the problems in their community. They also prioritized what problems what problems to address first. They discussed the things that would hinder them from achieving that picture. They discussed what the community should do to solve their problems. The results of the study were used to improve the community.
d. One group determined the number one mortality cause in their community. They found out it was Hypertension. They held a survey regarding the lifestyle of the hypertensive people. The results were used to make an anti-HPN campaign.
c. One group gathered the community and BHWs. They were asked to picture a healthy community in their minds. They determined the problems in their community. They also prioritized what problems what problems to address first. They discussed the things that would hinder them from achieving that picture. They discussed what the community should do to solve their problems. The results of the study were used to improve the community.
Why did COPAR come about?
a. Pressure from communities for results to be timely
b.
c. pressure from government for a more innovative method for data collection
d. growing trend for rejection of traditional method
d. growing trend for rejection of traditional method
What is the definition of SCOAP?
Subjective, Objective, Context, Assessment, Plan
What is the definition SCREEM?
Social, Cultural, Religion, Education, Economic, Medical
What are the components of APGAR?
Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, Resolve
Limit coffee intake 2-3 cups a day
Guidance for Diet
Action taken to avert the occurrence of disease
Prevention
Breastfeeding as a method of getting infectious agent
Direct Transmission
- Refers to vehicle borne, vector borne, airborne
Indirect Transmission
- Number of organisms which cause disease in humans
Agent
- To walk briskly for 30 minutes a day 3x a week
Guidance for Lifestyle
- Listen to motivational techniques
Guidelines for Behavioral Modification
- Refers to any entry and development and multiplication of an infectious agent in the host
Infection
- Promoting and maintaining health or averting illness
Primary Prevention
- Refers to the spread of an infectious agent through the environment
Transmission Process
- Applied to measures for the detection of disease at an early stage
Secondary Prevention
- Which of the following statements is TRUE of primary prevention of tuberculosis?
A. Health education regarding adverse reactions to anti-tuberculosis drugs
B. Pedro should be tested with purified protein derivative (PPD)
C. Delia should undergo Pap’s smear and breast examinationannually
D. Encourage Pedro to avoid smoking and take on regular exercise
D. Encourage Pedro to avoid smoking and take on regular exercise
- Which of the following is true regarding secondary prevention for Pedro?
A. He should have annual BP, weight and height determination
B. He should ensure completion of the prescribed treatment regimen
C. He should take Vitamin B complex to prevent neuropathy from INH
D. He should drink lots of water, vegetable and regular exercise
B. He should ensure completion of the prescribed treatment regimen
- Which of the following is not true of tertiary prevention for Pedro?
A. Coordinate his care with a pulmonologist and physiotherapist
B. Referral to rehabilitation medicine for physical therapy
C. Conduct community meeting regarding people education on TB
D. Counseling on the pros and cons for compliance on anti-TB treatment
A. Coordinate his care with a pulmonologist and physiotherapist
- Which of the following strategies is descriptive of primary prevention of TB for the family of Pedro?
A. Screen each family member for tuberculosis annually
B. Encourage regular exercise appropriate to age and healthy foods
C. Health education on the mode of transmission of TB
D. Give chemoprophylaxis like multivitamins an d minerals
C. Health education on the mode of transmission of TB
- Which of the following is an effective secondary prevention strategy for TB?
A. Conduct nationwide mass screening for TB.
B. Implement treatment guidelines for TB
C. Encourage multidisciplinary and coordinated care for TB
D. Prompt diagnosis and early treatment for TB cases
D. Prompt diagnosis and early treatment for TB cases
- Choose the statement that best defines the community diagnosis
A. It is a method of analyzing the health status of a community.
B. It is a process by which the main problems and resources of a community are determined and prioritized for the purposes of improving the prevailing status of the community
C. It is a process y which the diseases in the community are determined and prioritized for the purpose of disease control.
D. It is a method of compiling and analyzing comprehensive primary and secondary health data relevant to a community for the purpose of instituting technological interventions.
B. It is a process by which the main problems and resources of a community are determined and prioritized for the purposes of improving the prevailing status of the community
- What is the most important issue that differentiates traditional fro participatory research?
A. The academic background of the researcher
B. The control over the process of the production of the knowledge, its storage and its use
C. The acceptability of the research results to the academic community
D. The use of scientific methods.
B. The control over the process of the production of the knowledge, its storage and its use
- The traditional researcher’s role usually requires objectivity and neutrality, while the role of the participatory research facilitator requires
A. A commitment to the special development of the group he/she is serving, and thus may never be value free.
B. The same objectivity and neutrality required of the traditional researcher.
C. The skills of quick decision-making for the people in order to shorten the otherwise long process of participatory research
D. Good writing skills to be able to document the research for the people
A. A commitment to the special development of the group he/she is serving, and thus may never be value free.
- Which among the following statements describes a disadvantage of the participatory method of doing research?
A. The participatory process takes a long time and is difficult to do.
B. It is not clear who will benefit from the results.
C. It is done by non-academic personnel.
D. It is expensive.
A. The participatory process takes a long time and is difficult to do.
- Which among the following statements describes an advantage of participatory research?
A. It does not require the virtues of patience and perseverance among the process facilitators.
B. Participatory research can be carried out in societies.
C. Participatory research leads to the community empowerment and organization community researchers.
D. It is always presented in a written document for better dissemination and use.
C. Participatory research leads to the community empowerment and organization community researchers
Patient complained of vaginal discharge. FSB Test was done. What kind of approach?
Biomedical Approach
Ayaw niya magpainsulin dahil may kapamilya/kakilala siyang may DM at ininsulin din pero namantay pa rin.
Ethnomedical Cultural Model
She insisted not to use insulin treatment instead ate ampalaya salad everyday
Holistic model
She blames her boyfriend for her broken heart and eats a lot to compensate
Biobehavioral
her daily schedule of sitting in front of a deck from 8 am to 5 pm and buying food from a nearby fastfood contributed to her obesity and most likely to her DM.
Biobehavioral (?)
Celso Castro is a 52-yr old businessman. He was diagnosed to have hypertension 15 years ago and is under medications. His eldest son Carlo, 28, is getting married next month and about to have a baby 4 months from now. His wife Magda and children Maniyln 23, Carla 19 & Claude, 14 are very happy about this. A week ago, while playing golf with his friends, he suffered from stroke. In what family lifecycle stage is Celso's family in? A. with young children B. with young adults C. launching family D. Later life
B. with young adults
Celso was already evaluated and has started therapy to restore motor power. You already consider sending him home. What stage of illness trajectory is this? A. Major therapeutic effort B. onset of illness - diagnosis C. adjustment to early outcome D. Adjustment to permanence of outcome
C. adjustment to early outcome
Responsibilities of Family Physician
- Deal with immediate effects of trauma
- Alleviate anxiety, assure adequate rest
- Psychological support through understanding and repeated reassurance
- Explore level of understanding if “still ill” or “well again”
True about impact of onset of illness
A. effect is greater if debilitating chronic
B. more stressful if early diagnosis
C. burden on family greater for acute illness
D. limited ability of family to handle stress for chronic
A. Effect is greater if debilitating chronic
12. What is the most vital factor in this illness trajectory stage? A. Medical outcome B. Economic Impact C. Explanatory model and its affective D. behavioral aspect
C. Explanatory model and its affective
Important in Stage 1 is addressing the fears and acknowledging patient’s understanding of the disease. Also to address conflicts between beliefs regarding the disease.
After convincing Elena that all she has is a viral infection, what are the things you will consider to break the news? A. Economic status B. Psychological state C. Partnership with parents D. All of the above
B. Psychological state
Amount of information given after diagnosis is based on the level of anxiety and comprehension of the patient.
After one week, the patient has recovered from her illness, what are your responsibilities as a doctor at this point.
A. educate her on the nature of the illness
B. Assist in resumption of roles and obligations
C. explore explanatory model
D. AOTA
B. Assist in resumption of roles and obligations
Period of sick role to form of recovery or adaptation, with corresponding adjustment of relations within family.
Which of the ff. could a patient lose due to an illness? A. Activities B. Self-esteem C. Sense of invincibility D. AOTA
D. AOTA
Inspection of genogram yields the ff data A. life cycle stage B. possible trauma C. possible family role D. AOTA
D. AOTA
Community diagnosis is a process involving…
A. researches published in major journals
B. purposeful collection of all information about community targeted for study
C. involves survey forms only
D. Are done only by doctors
B. purposeful collection of all information about community targeted for study
The following are evaluated by the family APGAR A. resources B. partnership C. aptitude D. generosity
B. partnership
Family stages primarily centripetal in nature? A. with young children B. with adolescents C. newly married D. launching
A. with young children
The family member who plays ‘symptom carrier’
A. is actually trying to unconsciously stabilize the family
B. is being triangulated by those in conflict
C. is also known as the identified patient
D. AOTA
D. AOTA
Health objectives consistent with the social determinants of health
A. reduce maternal mortality, malnutrition, etc.
B. oral rehydration salts promote breast feeding
C. promote job security, etc.
D. vaccinations
C. promote job security, etc. • Employment or lack of employment • Housing • Food security • Education or lack of it • Living conditions- sanitation, safe water
Erick Reinert explanation why rich countries remain rich and why poor countries remain poor?
A. rich countries have industrialized their country through globalization and neoliberalization
B.
C.
D. rich country industrialized poor country remain agricultural
D. rich country industrialized poor country remain agricultural
• Countries that industrialized became rich
• Countries that remained agricultural remained poor
• Countries developed by government intervention by protecting their industries
• These countries did not practice free trade
The decrease in the prevalence of TB in the UK is due to: A. Streptocyclin + BCG values B. Rise in innoculation C. Higher standard of living D. DOTS
C. Higher standard of living
- Health financing in 2005:
A. significant government subsidy, low out of pocket and health insurance contribution
B. equal government, out of pocket, and health insurance contribution
C. significant out of pocket contribution, slowly increasing health insurance and low government contribution
The share of health expenditure from private sources has increased over the years. The share of health expenditure from social insurance has shown little increase over the years. The share of health expenditure from the government has increased from 1991 to 2000, but has since declined in 2002.
Quiapo medical center demonstrates the following except
A. The varied available health care speaks of the varied filipino definition of health and well-being
B. that more filipino females engage in abortion, contrary to the common beliefs that filipinas are conservative, and strictly adhere to their religious belief
C. wrong belief/stupidity of filipinos
D. doctors must understand the different psychiatric beliefs of filipinos in order to be a culturally competent doctor
e. improper use and commercialization of drugs
C. wrong belief/stupidity of filipinos
Which of the following is the advantage of participatory research?
It leads to the empowerment and organization of community researchers
A. Disease, B. Illness
- What is the reason for the consult?
- Where does it hurt?
- Why did you consult just now? Was there anything new that happened?
- How does your family feel about it?
- What has happened to you since you had this condition?
- What medications have you taken for the symptoms?
- What did the first doctor you had consulted from say?
- What are you most afraid of?
- When did you first notice the symptoms?
- What are your ideas on why this happened to you?
- B; 2. A; 3. B; 4. B; 5. B; 6. A; 7. A; 8. B; 9. A; 10. B
Disease = pathophysiological phenomenon evaluated by signs and symptoms; presence of an objectivity which doctors are able to see, touch, smell, measure; symptom-centered
Illness = subjective interpretations of the meaning of symptoms; considers feelings, ideas, function, expectations
40y.o. father beginning to form small plaques in coronary arteries but asymptomatic
A. Healthy individual
B. Biologic Onset
C. Symptomatic / Clinical Onset
D. Outcome: cure, death, chronic stage, disability
B. Biologic Onset
12y.o. boy with cerebral palsy diagnosed at 1 year of age
A. Healthy individual
B. Biologic Onset
C. Symptomatic / Clinical Onset
D. Outcome: cure, death, chronic stage, disability
C. Symptomatic / Clinical Onset
50y.o. woman with blurred vision diagnosed with cataracts due to diabetes
A. Healthy individual
B. Biologic Onset
C. Symptomatic / Clinical Onset
D. Outcome: cure, death, chronic stage, disability
D. Outcome: cure, death, chronic stage, disability
A 40y.o. father with high cholesterol diet and sedentary lifestyle is advised healthy diet and exercise by the family physician
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
A. Primary prevention
6 month old baby getting immunization for 6 month “well baby prevention”
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
A. Primary prevention
75y.o. grandfather with terminal colon cancer receives analgesics, anti-emetics and supportive counseling through palliative and hospice care team in PGH
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
12y.o. kid diagnosed with cerebral palsy at 1y.o. undergoing physical therapy
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
50y.o. woman who has just been diagnosed with diabetes is prescribed a special diet by her family physician
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
The impact of the illness in relation to the family life cycle provides a predictable sequence of events in the family life with which the family physician can relate to the changes, assess family function and address pathology if there is
A. true
B. false
A. true
All families have dysfunction and severe illness will result to pronounce and irreversible dysfunction.
A. true
B. false
A. true
What is true about COPAR?
A. Health experts propose the problem of the community.
B. It is done using surveys.
C. Data are gathered regarding the community and programs are devised accordingly.
D. The needs, social factors, and resources are taken into consideration for programs for community empowerment.
D. The needs, social factors, and resources are taken into consideration for programs for community empowerment.
Though participatory action research is not widely accepted, it is recommended because:
A. It allows the community to eventually take over the management of developmental programs in the future.
B. It allows the community to be trained to do scientific research.
C. It is less time-consuming to do than traditional research.
D. It is easy to do and is largely scientific in nature.
A. It allows the community to eventually take over the management of developmental programs in the future.