exam 1 examples Flashcards
Daisen Kofun period
Kofun period late 3rd century to late 7th
Largets Kofun
Daisen Kofun
who is burried in the daisen kofun
Emperor nintoku
when was the daisen kofun built
5th century
Who is Himiko
Empress Himiko ruled during the late 3rd century, she bewtiched and used sorcery and magic.
Who is burried in the hashihaka kofun
Empress Himiko
Haniwa
Terracotta figurines of houses, vases, boats, people, or animals, placed on top of a Kofun and around the perimeters
what function did Haniwa serve
To mark the sacred space and mortal space at kofuns, to protects from evil spirits, and to commemorate important events
Amaterasu
Sun Goddess/deity/kami in the shinto worship. she is enshrined in a bronze mirror, the ise shrine is dedicated to her. she is believed to be the anestor of the imperial family.
Takamatsuzuka century
built in the late 7th to early 8th century
who resides in the takamatsuzuka tomb?
Debated to be one of emperor Tenmus sons
Shinto
The way of the kami
is shinto a religion
it is a practiced way of life
what is a kami
goddess/ god/ diety
Okinoshima
small island between japan and korea where only men can worship.
Ise shrine
In the Mie Prefecture dedicated to Amaterasu
when was the ise shrine first constructed?
As early as the 3rd century
how many fences does the ise shrine now have
4
three imperial regalia
Bronze mirror , sword, and gem
great hall of state
Daigokuden
when was the Daigokuden (Great hall of State) built?
8th Century
What 3 Ceremonies were held in the Daigokuden?
1.Ascensions
2.New Years Celebration
3.Official reception of ambassadors from other countries
Who was the Daigokuden inspired by?
Chang’an Dynasty in China
What was the last destination of the silk rode
Nara
What does the three legged crow represent? (3)
- The sun
- The Emperor
- Amaterasu
In the Takamatsuzuka Kofun, what was depicted on the walls?
6 men and 6 women, the 4 cardinals animals (3 but one is missing from the south wall), Gold leaf for constellations on the roof, the sun and moon on opposite walls.
What object was found from China in the Takamatsuzuka Kofun and what was its significance?
Bronze mirror from the Tang Dynasty in China. Showed the high power the emperor had
what do the four cardinal animals do or represent?
The White tiger of the west, the black tortoise of the north, the blue dragon of the east, and the red pheonix of the south, are placed in tombs for safe passage, and represent each season as well.
What is the significance of the guardian animals, the constellations, and the paintings?
To create a perfect balance in order for the deceased to arrive to the next world safely and easily
Which kofun is older? Kitara or Takamatsuzuka Kofun?
Kitara Kofun
Which Kofun is larger, Kitara or Takamatsuzuka Kofun?
Takamatsuzuka Kofun
4 taboos from the Okinoshima island
- You must not talk about what you see/hear there
- you must purify yourself in the water before entering
- No women are allowed
- must not remove anything from island
Where can women pray to Okinoshima without being there?
On the Island Oshima
What is Goshintai?
It is Kami Body
What do the three Regalia represent?
Symbols of the devine authority of the Emperor
When did the Capital of Fujiwara move to Nara
early 8th Century
What was the gate called that led you to the Grand Avenue
Great Vermillion Bird Gate or Suzaku Gate
When was the heian (kyoto) capital established?
Late 8th Century
What was so important about the location
Geomancy and was placed auspiciously according to the 4 cardinal directions (4 protector animals) with mountains on 3 sides. Only side without a mountain was the south.
What is the Shishinden
Hall of state or Throne Hall
What purpose did the Shishinden serve?
For major Ceremonies of State
What important feature did the Shishinden have outside its doors?
Orange tree at the right side and Cherry Tree left side. Orange= Eternity and Cherry =Change
Why was the Todaiji built?
Initially was for Emperor Shomu’s son who had died
When was the Todaiji Built?
8th Century
Who are the gaurdian Deities outside the South gate of the Todaiji?
A and Un/hum they face eachother at the gate
What purpose do the A and Un Deities serve?
Ward away evil spirits to create a sacred space
What do the A and Un Deities represent?
The begging of the universe and the end. so The entire universe.
What is a Pagoda?
Orignially a Stuppa or burial mound for the remains of Buddha and or his disciples.
Which Buddha is located in the Todaiji Hall?
Cosmic Buddha or Vairocana or great buddha
What is done every August at the Todaiji?
Anual Cleaning
What is Cakravartin
The one who turns the wheel of the Law
Who is Siddhartha Gautama
The Buddha, who founded Buddhism
Who is Sakyamuni
Siddhartha Gautama or the Founder of Buddhism, the Buddha
What are the two Esoteric Buddhism teachings?
Exoteric Teachings (revealed Teaching) & Esoteric Teachings (Secret Teachings)
What is the Exoteric Teachings (3)
- Traced to Sakyamuni.
- Emphasizes the intellectual study and comprehension of the doctrines set forth by the sutras
3.Takes many long training to be rebirthed many times to be enlightened.
What is the Esoteric Teachings (3)
- Teachings cam directly from Dainichi or Vairocana Buddha
- Using ones own body and experiences and esoteric truths hidden in the world as well as the Sutras
- It is possible for anyone regardless of their Karmic disposition to become buddha and enlightened.
Who founded Shingon Buddhism?
Kukai
When was Shingon Buddhism created?
early 8th Century
Who created Tendai Buddhism
Saicho
What is Mandala
To obtain essence or achieve enlightenment.
It is a cosmic Diagram of the Universe
what are the three Mysteries
Mantra (Mouth)
Mudra (Body)
mandala (Mind)
What is the Vajra
Legendary Weapon and ritual item that symbolizes the properties of Diamond and a Thunderbolt
What is Toji
The East temple For Shingon Buddhism
What is the lecture hall inside called?
Kodo Toji Lecture Hall
What are the 3D scultures inside the Kodo Toji Lecture hall?
Karma Mandala
Who desinged the Toji Temple and Lecture hall?
Kukai under the Sponsorship of the Imperial Court
How many Scultures are there in the Toji Temple Kodo Lecture hall?
21
Which Buddist Sutra is Toji Lecture hall representing
Diamond Peak Sutra
the Diamond Mandala
Who are the 5 Center scultures at the Kodo Toji Lecture Hall
The 5 great Buddhas with Dainichi in the center
who are the sculptures to the right of the 5 Great Buddhas
5 Great Wisdom kings
Who are the Sculptures to the left of the 5 great Buddhas?
5 great Bodhisattvas
What are the Rituals in the Toji Hall
- Sutra Recitation
- Offerings
- Goma (fire) Ritual
What is the goal of the Rituals at the Toji Hall of lecture?
Chingo Kokka (protection of the nation)
and the emperors well being and peace and prosperity of the nation
what is Chingo Kokka?
Ritual for the protection of the Nation
How many assemblies/ courts/ sections are in the Diamond Mandala
9 Including Dainichi in the One seal assembly
How many assemblies/ courts/ sections are in the Womb Mandala
12
What does the Diamond Mandala Represent?
Male Principle, embodying the diamond like wisdom that prevades the universe
what does the Womb Mandala represent?
Female Principle, expresses the many virtues of Buddha including compassion
Which Mandala includes animals, humans, monks, and demons?
Womb Mandala
Which mandala is strictly depicting enlightened beings?
Diamond Mandala
What is a Mudra
hand gesturing meditation.
In the Womb Mandala, what flower is used to represent the 5 great buddhas and 4 bodhisattvas
Lotus flower with 8 petals
Is the diamond mandala East or west?
West
Is the Womb Mandala East or West
East
Who introduced the Latter 7 days ritual?
Kukai
when does the Latter 7 Day ritual take place?
The 8th to the 14th of the 1st month
what is the the name of the new hall Kukai built specifically for the esoteric rituals?
Mantra Chapel
Where is Mt Koya?
In the wakayama Prefecture
How many mountains surround Mt Koya?
8
what is the significance of the 8 mountains surrounding Mt Koya?
representing the 8 petal lotus flower of the Womb Mandala
What are the name of the two towers on Mt Koya?
- Fundamental Great tower (East)
2.Western Tower
Which Mandala is the Fundamental Great tower?
Womb Mandala
Which Mandala is the West Tower?
Diamond Mandala
In the Fundamental great tower, from which mandala do the buddhas that surround Dainichi belong to?
Dainichi belongs to the Womb Mandala and is surrounded by 4 great buddhas from the Diamond Mandala
In the Westen Tower, from which mandala do the the Buddhas that surround Dainichi Belong to?
Dainichi belongs to the Diamond realm and is surrounded by 4 buddhas from the Womb Mandala
Which tower did Kukai not live long enough to see finished?
Western tower on Mt koya
who designed the buildings and layout of Mt. Koya?
Kukai
Why is the combination of the Womb and Diamond Mandala so important?
Kukai stressed that both Mandalas are needed for enlightenment, and while they seem opposites, they are both needed to be intertwined to achieve true enlightenment.
