Ealc Final Exam Flashcards
What are the (6) realms of Pure Land Buddhism
- Realm of Celestials
- Realm of Human Beings
- Realm of Raging Spirits
- Realm of Animals
- Realm of hungry Ghosts
- Realm of Hell
What is the state in which one is released from the reincarnation and not be reborn again?
Nirvana
True or False: Pure Land Buddhism DOES NOT promise Nirvana but an immortal life in the Pure Land
True
In Pure Land Buddist mandala what was the hand gesture called used to teach?
Turning of the Wheel
The Lotus, pond, or lake are most associated with……?
Pure Land Buddhism
What did the Lotus flower mean?
It was a symbol of Purity used in reference with rebirth.
What were 3 ways to ensure you were reborn in to Amida Buddha’s Pure Land?
- Chant Amida Buddhas Name 10 times right before death and in sincerity.
- Visualize Amida’s Western Pure Land at the moment of death.
3.Making and commissioning Buddhist buildings, images, sutras, to accumulate good karma.
Which building is an example of a 3-D Pure Land Buddhism?
Byodoin or Pheonix Hall
What technique did the sculptors use in the creation of the Amida Buddha in Phoenix Hall?
Joint Block technique in 11th century
How do you worship Amida Inside the Phoenix Hall?
Enter from the East and walk around the Buddha sculpture in a clockwise direction. And Bow to Amida Buddha
Why did Yorimichi build the Phoenix hall?
To make it easier to understand and visualize the Western Pure Land
which century was the Chusonji hall constructed in?
9th century
What is another name for the Konjikido Hall?
Golden Hall
What is the Hall Konjikido?
It is a combination of Amida Hall and Mausoleum.
What is inside the Konjikido Hall?
an altar with the mummified remains of Fujiwara no Kiyohira, his son, his grandson and great grandson.
Which century was the Konjikido Golden hall temple constructed?
12th century
What was the Chunsonji?
A very important Buddhist temple
Which 2 buildings are covered in complete gold?
- Konjikido Golden Hall
- Kinkakuji Golden Pavilion Temple
What is a Jizo Bodhisattva?
They are saviours of children from hell’s torment.
What 2 items can a Jizo Bodhisattva be seen holding?
A Monks Staff and a sacred Jewel
Why was the Konjikido covered in Gold?
It was said to counter act the impurities of the mummified remains inside.
True or False: Corpses are pure
False
True or False: Ashes and Bleached Remains are free of impurities
True
Which metal element is associated with Purification?
Gold
Why is gold important? (3)
1.It is a sign of Wealth
2.In Buddhism it is believed to be a holy substance, often used to adorn where the dieties reside.
3. Gold is the color of Amida Buddhas skin.
Why is Amida Buddha’s Western Pure Land all in gold?
Because Amida Buddhas skin is gold which reflects gold to all.
True or False: If they are not ashes they are not relics
True
How are Japanese Screens read?
Right to Left
What is a Waka?
Classical Japanese poetry that is short and used to express and convey emotions.
What is Yoshino?
Mountain renown for its cherry blossoms.
What is Shugendo?
Syncretic blend of Buddhism, shinto, and mountain worship
What do Shugendo Practitioners do on Yoshino?
They plant cherry blossom trees as offerings to the tutelary Deity
True or False: Yoshino is connected to the Imperial family.
True
What is the Tatsuta river?
A River in Nara renowned for its bright colored foliage on the river
Which two folding screens are often paired together.
Yoshino and Tatsuta
Which season does Yoshino screen depict?
Spring
Which season does Tatsuta depict?
Fall
3 Reasons why Yoshino and Tatsuta paired
1.They represent Yin and Yang
2. They represent perfect balance and all seasons
3. It is a reflection of the state of the Imperial Rule, depicting orderly balanced nation.
Which yin/yang does Yoshino represent?
Yang for the Yoshino mountain that is un-movable.
Which yin/yang does Tatsuta represent?
Yin for the element of the river and change
What is the main take away from the Tatsuta and Yoshino screens?
They are conceptualized images that do not really exist but used to conceptualize
What is a Byobu?
Free standing folding screen made of paper/silk with a wooden frame
What did Byobu screens do to rooms?
They would create a temporary space/setting
When were Byobu screens used?
For special occasions
What is Kumano
A popular pilgrimage site that consists of three shrines
What is the name of the festival that occurs every July 14th?
Nachi Fire Festival
What is nachi?
Nachi water fall in Kumano
What occurs during the Nachi Fire Festival?
The kami residing in the shrines are taken to the falls and back.
How many torch barrels are there?
12
How do the monks purify the path?
They run up and down stairs with giant torch barrels
What does fire symbolize
Purification
Why are fans used in the festival?
For good health and harvest
What does the Nachi Fire Festival do to the kami?
Revives their power
Which plant is associated with the Nachi Fire Festival?
Iris Flower
Why is the iris flower used in the Nachi Fire Festival?
They are said to ward off evil spirits and diseases
What is one visual representation of Kumano?
The Nachi Pilgrimage mandala
Is there a difference between Mandala and Mandara?
Yes!
What is Mandala used for?
Only be used to describe the Diamond Mandala
What is Mandara used for?
Should be used in regards to the Pilgrimage
Why is the sun and moon depicted in the Mandara?
To symbolize yin and yang, birth of light, the end of the day, Perfect balance.
Why are there couples all over the Mandara?
They were meant for those viewing the mandara to envision themselves there and to encourage couples to attend.
True or False: Watching a Ritual suicide brings one good karma
True
Who is Kannon?
The Bodhisattva of Compassion
Why did Ritual suicides happen?
Believed they could reach the pure land of bodhisattva from the shore of nachi
What is the name of the recitation of the Nachi pilgrimage mandala?
Etoki
Who explains the Nachi Pilgrimage Mandala?
Nuns
What 2 Worlds make up the Kumano Mind Contemplation Ten Worlds mandala
1.The 4 sacred realms (shishokai)
2. The 6 realms of transmigration (rokudo)
What are the 4 sacred realms?
1.Buddhas
2.Bodhisattvas
3.Sravakas
4.Pratyekbuddhas
What are the 6 realms of Transmigration?
- Realm of Celestials
- Realm of Human Beings
- Realms of DemiGods/Raging Spirits
- Realms of Animals
- Realms of Hungry Ghosts
6.Realms of hell
Who is the judge of the after world?
King Enma in red
What does the Hill of Age depict?
Depicts the exemplary Life stages of a human from birth to death
What did the Hill of age encourage?
For people to have children and grand children and great grand children.
Who is in the river of the nether world?
Jizo Bodhisattva and children who died before their parents.
Who established the Muromachi government in 14th century?
Ashikaga Shogun
What are the 2 temples created by the Ashikaga shoguns?
- Golden Pavilion Temple (Kinkakuji)
- Silver Pavilion Temple (Ginkakuji)
What was the original purpose of the Golden Pavilion Temple?
A mansion to retire in for Ashikaga Yoshimitsu
What was the Golden Pavilion Temple turned into after the death of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu?
Zen Temple
When was the Golden Pavilion Temple built?
14th century
What are the three floors of the Golden Pavilion Temple?
- First floor, informal relaxation and contemplation of the lake and garden
- Bodhisattvas in the cave
- Gold covered room housing the relics of Buddha “Relics Hall”
What is the name of the artificial pond next to the Golden Pavilion Temple?
Mirror Lake
True or False: The Silver Pavilion Temple covered in Silver Foil
False, no silver covering at all.
how many stories is the Ginkakuji Silver Pavilion?
2
When was the Silver Pavilion constructed?
15th century
Who commissioned the Silver Pavilion?
Ashikaga Yoshimasa (grandson of Yoshimitsu)
What are the two floors of the Silver Pavilion?
- Meditation
- a chapel dedicated to Kannon Bodhisattva (Kannon hall)
What are two arguments as to why the Silver Pavilion Temple has no silver?
- Not enough money, it was primed just like the gold pavilion and only needed the silver last.
- It was simply modeled after the Golden Pavilion
What is the cone shaped mound in the Sea of Silver Sand?
It is a platform used to sit and wait for the moon to rise
What is the name of the highest mountain in Japan?
Mt. Fuji
What are the three definition of Fuji?
- Immortal
- peerless
- Rich and abundant
When were women allowed to climb Mt Fuji for Pilgrimage?
19th Century
What is the name of the wood block print style?
Ukiyo-e
What 3 words is Ukiyo-e made up of?
Uki- Floating
yo- World
e- Picture
What does Ukiyo-e directly translate to ?
Pictures of the Floating World
What are 3 popular depictions in Ukiyo-e?
- Famous places
- Sumo Wrestlers
- Erotica
What are the 4 collaborators who create Ukiyo-e prints?
1.Publisher
2.Artist/designer
3.Block cutter
4.printer
What is kabuki?
Traditional theatre where male actors specialize in female roles with gorgeous costumes and sets.
Who created the Famous Ukiyo-e print of the Great Wave Off Kanagawa
Houksai Katsushika
What are the names of the 2 works of Mt Fuji by Houksai?
- Thirty six views of Mt. Fuji
- One Hundred views of Mt. Fuji
What did hokusai want as an artist?
to use his lifetime to become the best artist. He wished for immortality
What do Pine trees symbolize?
Symbol of longevity and immortality
What does the snowy covered mountain symbolize?
Symbol of Immortality
What number was Houksai’s seal?
100
What does the ascending dragon signify?
Worldy success
What is a castle? (3)
1.Military defense
2. Center of governance
3. Residence of feudal warlords
What is the purpose for castles being built on top of a hill?
Defensive and surveillance purposes.
What is the name of the keep, donjon, center tower?
Tenshu
What was a Tenshu used for?
Defensible residence and refuge of last resort within the castle complex
What is the name of the white Castle
Himeji Castle or white heron Castle
When was the Himeji Castle built?
14th century
What kind of structure was used inside Castles and what was the purpose?
Spiral structure in order to buy time or stop attacks, defensive.
Is the Himeji Castle Decorated on the inside?
No because it was meant as a defensive structure
What is the name of the shrine on top of the the Himeji castle
Okasaba Shrine
What is the name of the castle that no longer exists?
Azuchi Castle
When was the Azuchi Castle constructed?
16th century
What is the name of the feudal lord that almost unified the nation in the 16th century?
Oda Nobunaga
When was the Azuchi castle Destroyed?
3 years after the death of Oda Nobunaga
what is the name of the lake where the Azuchi castle once was?
Lake Biwa
How did the Azuchi castle differ from the Himeji castle?
The Azuchi castle was furnished with paintings and lavish things.
The Himeji Castle is not furnished to live in.
What was the Primary palace within the Azuchi castle modeled after?
After the living quarters of the emperor
Why did Nobunaga use features of the imperial palace in his castle?
To emulate and elevate his political authority
Who was the feudal lord who went through deification
Oda Nobunaga
How many Kami Bodies Did Oda Nobunaga have?
2 just like Amaterasu
What did Nobunaga present to Pope Gregory XIII in the 16th century?
A Folding screen of Azuchi Castle
Who built the Nijo Castle?
Tokugawa Ieyasu
What century was Nijo Castle constructed in?
Early 17th century
Who expanded the Nijo Castle?
Tokugawa Iemitsu
Who was Kano Tan’yu?
The Shoguns official painter
What surrounded the Nijo Castle that helped keep it safe?
The Moat surrounding it
Who illustrated the handscroll of Biography of Tokugawa Ieyasu?
Kano Tan’yu
What were the animals depicted on the sliding doors?
Tigers, leopards, cheetahs, and peakcocks
What did tigers, cheetahs, and leopards signify when placed in a room on the sliding doors?
They were to intimidate the audience before speaking to the shogun
If you fought against the Daimyo in the battle of Sekigahara
you were known as an outside Daimyo and you were not to be trusted and were relocated away from the capital for security assurance
What did the pine trees signify when they were painted in a room?
Symbol of longevity, ,immortality, evergreen as it is a medicine tree as well, rooted in shinto beliefs
When was the Emperor Go-Mizunoo’s visit?
1626
What is the name of the Mausoleum for Tokugawa Ieyasu?
Nikko Toshugo
When was the Nikko Toshugo built?
late 16th century early 17th
Who originally built the Nikko Toshugo?
Tokugawa Ieyasu’s son
Who rebuilt the Nikko Toshugo ?
Tokugawa Ieyasu’s grandson
What was the name Tokugawa Ieyasu received after being deified?
Tosho Daigogen
What does Tosho Daigogen mean?
Great Avatar Illuminating East
What is an avatar?
A kami that appears as a provisional manifestation of a buddhist Deity
What is the animal on the front side of the Yomei Gate?
Two guardian lion dogs
Who was Gong Dan (Duke of Zhou)?
A son of king Wen (founder of the Zhou Dynasty in china)
What virtue did Gong Dan (Duke of Zhou) represent?
Virtuous
What are the four accomplishments of a scholar-gentleman?
1.Music
2.Chess
3.Calligraphy
4. Painting
What did auspicious animals like the tiger, dragon, horse, and peacock represent on the Yomei Gate?
Good omens, and translate a good ruler from china. Shows signs that heaven approved of the mandate of heaven
What does Edo mean?
Bay Door
What was Edo Originally?
A fishing village on the edge of Edo Bay. Then a castle town
Who founded Edo?
Tokugawa Ieyasu
When was the first time Edo Expanded under Tokugawa Ieyasu?
1603
How was Edo Constructed in regards to its layout? (3)
- Used Geomancy to follow the flow of beneficial forces in the universe
2.Used the 4 cardinal directions - Designed after Chang’an and Kyoto
What is a Daimyo?
Warlords whose territories had more than 10,000 koku of rice (1koku=5 brushels)
What are the three types of Daimyo?
1.Related Daimyo- related directly to Tokugawa
2. House Daimyo- Had been serving Tokugawa since before the battle of Sekigahara
3. Outside Daimyo- Had been against Tokugawa during the battle of Sekigahara
When was the construction of Edo Castle?
Early 17th century
What happened to the Edo Castle in 1675?
Great fire destroyed 70% of edo castle
How many times was the Tenshu in Edo Castle reconstructed?
- Ieyasu-1607
- Hidetada- 1623
- Iemitsu- 1638
Which building burned in the great fire and was never rebuilt?
The Tenshu in the Edo Castle
What is the Mandate of heaven?
If the Sovereign is virtuous, then his reign will be peaceful
When were Edo Screens produced?
Early 17th Century
How many panels were in the Edo folding screens?
6
In the folding screen of the view of Edo what is depicted?
5000 people and scenes depicting Iemitsu
When was Tea brought from china?
8th Century
Who brought tea from china?
Buddhist monks
What century was it considered a medicine and a drink for aristocrats and monks?
12th century
What did the buddhist monks use Matcha for?
A stimulant to keep monks awake during meditation
Name 2 Early Tea Masters
1.Murata Juko
2.Sen No Rikyu
What was a Tea Ceremony?
A ritualized Practice
How many rules does Tea Master Sen No Rikyo have?
7
What are the 7 rules by Tea Master Sen no Rikyu?
- make a satisfying bowl of tea
- Lay the charcoal so that the water boils effeciently
- Provide a sense of warmth in the winter and coolness in the summer
- Arrange flowers as though they were in a field
- Be ready and ahead of time
- Be prepared in case it rains
- Act with utmost consideration towards your guest
What is Ichigo Ichie?
One time, one meeting, or once in a lifetime
What is the significance of Ichigo Ichie?
emphesizes importance of being fully present and in the moment as it will never be repeated again. Encourages mindfulness and and deep appreciation.
What is the Tai’an Tea Hut?
Oldest extant tea hut designed by Sen No Rikyu
When was the Tai’an Hut constructed?
16th century
Who was Toyotomi Hideyoshi?
a peasant who succeeded Nobunaga and unified Japan after Nobunaga’s assassination.
What is Roku ware?
The 6 principle utensils in Tea ceremonies
Who designed Roku Ware?
Sen no Rikyo
Who created the Roku ware?
chojio
What is Wabi?
Wabi represents humilidy, simplicity, understanding. an appreciation for its simple natural texture or shape
What is Sabi?
Sabi represents the beauty of wear and tear on an item such as pottery.
Who commissioned the Golden tea room?
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
How many Tatami mats does the Golden tea room have?
3
(4)Why did Toyotomi Hideyoshi build the Golden Tea room?
- For his enjoyment
- To Show off his wealth and power
- Political symbol
- He was a patron of the Arts
What is the name of one of the largest tea ceremony in Japan?
Grand Kitano Tea Gathering
Who hosted the Grand Kitano Tea Gathering ?
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
How much tea was served at the Grand Kitano Tea Gathering?
800 for 1600 guests
Who attended the Grand Kitano Tea Gathering?
Warriors, attendants, townspeaople, farmers, etc