Exam 1 Drugs MOA_Uses Flashcards
Primaquine
MOA: Unknown-Maybe ROS Uses:Hypnozoites in ovale and vivax; Only drug against hypnozoites; Gametocidal all 4 plasmodia
Artemisinin
MOA:Unknown-Free Radicals; Maybe target PfATP6which is ER Ca2+ ATPase Uses: Blood Schizonticide all species
Chloroquine
MOA:Inhibits hemozoin formation in food vacuole Uses:Erythrocytic forms of all plasmodia
Quinine
MOA:Inhibits heme polymerization Uses: Blood schizonticide for all plasmodium and Babesiosis
Lariam: Mefloquine
MOA: Heme polymerzation inhibitor Uses: Erythrocytic forms of vivax and falciparum
Fansidar:Pyrimethamine-Sulfadoxine
MOA:Folate xynthesis inhibitor-pyrimethamine inhibits DHF-reductase Uses: Slow acting erythrocytic schizonticides malaria; toxoplasmosis
Atavaquone
MOA: Disrupts mitochondrial e- transport Uses: Any malaria infestation and Chemoprophylaxis
Proguanil
MOA: Folate synthesis Inhibitor; DHF-reductase inhibitor Uses: Erythrocytic Schizonticide
Tetra, Doxy, Clindamycin
MOA: Targets Apicoplast organelle in plasmodium Uses: Blood Schizonticide
Metronidazole, Tinidazole
MOA: May target DNA Uses: E. histolytica; Giardiasis; Trichominiasis
Iodoquinol
MOA: Unknown Uses: Kills trophozoites in GI Lumen
Pentamidine
MOA: Unknown - Accumulates in parasite Uses: W. African Trypanosomiasis, Visceral Leishmania; Pneumoncystosis
Nifurtimox
MOA: Generates ROS Uses: T. Cruzi
Miltefosine
MOA:Unknown Uses: Anti-leishmanial
Praziquantel
MOA:Disrupts Ca2+ homeostasis causing muscular contraction and spastic paralysis Uses: Cestodes and Trematodes
Beanzimidazoles (Mebendazole, Thiabendazole, Albendazole)
MOA: Binds to Tubulin and caps MTs; shortened from (-) end and don’t grow Uses: Albendazole - cysticercosis, pinworms, hookworms, ascaris, trichuris, strongyloidiasis; Mebendzaole - pinworms, hookworms, ascaris, trichuris; Thiabendzaole - none, toxicity
Biethylcarbamazine
MOA: Unknown Uses: Filariasis and Loiasis; microfilariae killed fast and adults slowly
Ivermectin
MOA: Paralyzes microfilariae, intensifies GABA-mediated transmission of signals in peripheral nerves Uses: Strongyloidiaisis and Onchocerciasis
Pyrantel Pamoate
MOA: Neuromuscular blocking agent causing release of acetylcholine and inhibits cholinesterase Uses: Ascaris and Pinworms
Doxycycline (Parasites)
MOA: Kills Wolbachia bacteria Uses: Onchocercha die w/o wolbachia
Benzylpenicillin(Penicillin G)
MOA: _-lactam Abx inhibit transpeptidases that cross-link PG by acetylating Ser Residue on Transpeptidase Uses: G+ cocci; N. gonorrhoeae and H. flu
Methicillin
MOA: _-lactam Abx inhibit transpeptidases that cross-link PG by acetylating Ser Residue on Transpeptidase Uses: S. Aureus
Cephapirin
MOA: _-lactam Abx inhibit transpeptidases that cross-link PG by acetylating Ser Residue on Transpeptidase Uses: Same as penicillin
Imipenem
MOA: _-lactam Abx inhibit transpeptidases that cross-link PG by acetylating Ser Residue on Transpeptidase Uses: G+ and G- bacteria
Aztreonam
MOA: _-lactam Abx inhibit transpeptidases that cross-link PG by acetylating Ser Residue on Transpeptidase Uses: G- bacteria
Vancomycin
MOA: Binds to peptidyl side chain in PG precursor and inhibits transpeptidase activity Uses: G+ infections
Macrolides (Erythromycin)
MOA: Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding reversibly to P site of ribosome inhibiting translocation from A to P-site Uses: G+ and some G-
Clindamycin
MOA: Binds to bacterial 50S ribosome in the P-site of ribosome and prevents protein synthesis Uses: Staph, Strep, anaerobic G- bacilli like Bacteroides and Fusobacterium
Tetracyclines
MOA: Bind to 30 S ribosomal subunit and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis blocking tRNA attachment in A site; terminates peptide growth Uses: Broad Spectrum; Chlamydia, Rickettsia, Brucellosis, Spirochetes, Anthrax, Plague, Tularemia, Legionella
Chloramphenicol
MOA: Binds 50S ribosomal subunit inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and blocks peptide bond formation Uses: Bact. Meningitis, Typhoid Fever, Rickettsia, bact. Conjunctivitis
Aminoglycoside
MOA: Block A site on ribosome, Impairs proofreading mechanism of ribosome so make nonsense proteins, Lead to ion leakage and disruption of cytoplasmic membrane Uses: Broad spectrum against G+ and G- but usually for G-
Dalfopristin
MOA: Inhibits peptidyl transferase to inhibit peptide bond formation Uses: Vanco resistant Enterococcus faecium, MRSA
Quinupristin
MOA: Binds to ribosomal Tunnel and blocks it Uses: Vanco resistant Enterococcus faecium, MRSA
Oxazolidinones
MOA:Prevents the formation of the ribosome by binding to the 50 S subnit Uses: Vanco resistant Enterococcus faecium, MRSA
Sulfonamides
MOA: Inhibit Dihydropteroate Synthase to inhibit folate synthesis Uses: Both G- and G+ bacteria
Quniolone
MOA: Inhibit DNA Gyrase and Religation by topoisomerase II Uses: UTIs, Prostatis, STDs, ETEC, S. pneumo
Tolnaftate
MOA: Inhibits Fungal Squalene Epoxidase and decreased ergosterol biosynthesis Uses:Dermatomycoses
Clotrimazole (Lotrimin)
MOA: Inhibits cytochrome p450 and thus inhibits lanosterol converstion to ergosterol Uses: Dermatomycoses
Griseofulvin
MOA: Disrupts mitotic spindle by binding polymerized MTs and inhibits mitosis Uses: Dermatomycoses; Onychomycosis
Amphotericin
MOA: Binds to ergosterol in fungal membranes and forms pores in membranes Uses: IV Tx for systemic infections
5-Fluorocytosine
MOA: Metabolized to 5-Fluorourcil and is incorporated into RNA Uses: Systemic Candida, Crypto neoformans meningitis
Echinocandins
MOA: Inhibits 1,3-_-glucan synthase for fungal walls Uses: Broad Spectrum Anti-fungal
